How is the biochemical study of blood components deciphered?

90% of the blood in the human body is water, which is saturated with various components such as proteins, fats, trace elements, enzymes and salts. With the help of a biochemical study of the components of the blood, you can find out the percentage of these elements.

Even the smallest change in the composition of the blood shows that in the body there are any processes, it is possible that some organs need help.

How the blood is delivered to a biochemical study of

Before donating blood for biochemical testing of components, it is forbidden to eat 12 hours before the test, drinking is also prohibited, only water in small amounts is allowed. These measures are taken so that the amount of glucose and other substances is not affected by third-party components. Such an analysis is usually done in the morning on an empty stomach. To study the biochemistry in you from the ulnar vein will take about 5 ml of blood. You can get results during the day, but when you are in a hurry, you can use the express method.

What should be the result of a biochemical blood test

In hydrocarbon metabolism in the body, the main participant is glucose. The amount of glucose is considered normal if it is in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 mmol / l. This indicator can be understated in such cases: a person is hungry, there is an excess of insulin in the body, various failures at the hormonal level. If the amount of glucose exceeds 6.5 mmol / l - this is the first sign of diabetes, the body does not take glucose.

The total protein in the blood should be in the range of 64 to 84 g / l. With the help of protein the blood Ph level is normalized. The common protein takes part in the coagulation of blood and in the transfer of components to organs and tissues. With an increased rate of total protein, the human body can be exposed to infectious diseases, arthritis, rheumatism or oncological diseases. If this indicator is lowered - this indicates an unhealthy liver, intestine or kidneys.

Oxygen in the body is transferred through hemoglobin. The male hemoglobin level should be in the range of 130-160 g / l, while in women this figure is at the level of 120-140 g / l. At a lowered level of hemoglobin, anemia is usually developed.

Haptoglobin is a protein that binds hemoglobin and controls the amount of iron in a person. In an adult, the normal index of haptoglobin is in the range of 150 to 2000 mg / l. If this content of haptoglobin is underestimated, then the body has an autoimmune disease, liver disease or enlarged spleen. If this parameter exceeds the permissible value, one must look for malignant formations.

During the breakdown of proteins, urea forms. Its normal content is in the range of 2.5 to 8.3 mmol / l. When the indicators are increased, you need to immediately check the functioning of the kidneys. This happens with intestinal obstruction, tumor formation, bleeding. Sometimes this component is increased due to burns or shock conditions. The amount of urea is temporarily increased by physical activity. The urea index decreases sharply if the body is sick with liver cirrhosis or parenchymal jaundice.

Functionality of the kidneys shows creatinine, it carries out energy metabolism in tissues. The amount of this substance is directly proportional to the muscle mass of the body. Men should have from 62 to 115 μmol / l of this substance, and the woman should have from 53 to 97 μmol / l. An increased amount of creatine in the blood speaks of hyperthyroidism or kidney disease. Creatinine may be underestimated without any good reason and disease.

When carrying out fat metabolism an important substance is considered cholesterol. It takes part when cell membranes form, sex hormones and vitamin D are produced. Cholesterol is of several types: general type, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Total cholesterol should not be less than 3.5 mmol / l and more than 6.5 mmol / l. An increased amount of cholesterol in the blood speaks about atherosclerosis, cardiovascular ailments or an unhealthy liver. Cholesterol deficiency is noticeable at the time of fasting, pulmonary disease, febrile condition, nerve damage or high-severity burns.

Hemoglobin breaks down into pigments. One of them is a yellow-red pigment, called bilirubin.

Normal values ​​of total bilirubin are from 5 to 20 μmol / l. If bilirubin reached 27 μmol / l, this may be the initial stage of jaundice, in which the mucous membranes and skin become a yellowish shade. Jaundice is considered moderate if the bilirubin in the blood reaches the level of 87-159 μmol / l. After 160 micromol / l, jaundice of severe form begins. Excess of the permissible norm of bilirubin may indicate a disease with cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis, cholelithiasis or oncological diseases.

Using the enzyme alanine aminotransferase( ALT), you can learn about how the liver functions. This enzyme is in such organs as: heart, kidneys, liver. In the blood it can be detected after the destruction of the cells of these organs. Men can have this indicator to 41 units / l, and women - 31 units / l. With an increased rate of ALT, doctors immediately pay attention to the work of the heart and liver. This indicator of the enzyme can increase with a shock state, burns and muscle damage. This enzyme decreases in case of cirrhosis or necrosis and with a deficiency of vitamin B6.

Aspartate aminotransferase( AST) participates in amino acid metabolism. Like ALT, it is located in the heart and kidney cells. The male norm is the indicator to 41 units / l, the female - up to 31 units / l. The increased value of AST can be due to a disease associated with the pancreas, with hepatitis or oncology of the liver. Sometimes there is an increase in AST in case of fracture, burn or overheating. The lowered level is observed when there is a lack of vitamin B6.

Fats in the human body are broken down due to lipase. Lipase is formed in the pancreas. A normal reading is the interval from 0 to 190 units / liter. This indicator can increase up to 200 times with the disease of pancreatitis. If lipase is increased in the blood, then the gall bladder could undergo inflammation, or the person is overweight. Lipase is reduced in those cases when there is an abnormal diet or in a person are found oncological diseases.

Digestion of food carbohydrates is due to amylase, located in the saliva and pancreas. Amylase is divided into pancreatic and alpha-amylase. The normal alpha-amylase index is between 28 and 100 U / L, the pancreatic value ranges from 0 to 50 U / L.An increase in the content of amylase can occur 10 times due to peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Amylase is decreased in pregnant women at the time of toxicosis.