Cardiomyopathy: indications for hospitalization

Cardiomyopathy is a change in the muscle of the heart of an often unexplained cause. The main condition for diagnosing this disease is the absence( or elimination after necessary examination) of valvular heart defects, congenital developmental anomalies, damage caused by systemic vascular diseases, pericarditis, arterial hypertension, and other rare variants of damage to the cardiac system( conduction).

What are the cardiomyopathies?

There are three main types of cardiac muscle lesions in cardiomyopathy in medicine. This dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

This division in most cases is based on the state of intracardiac circulation and even in the initial stage of the disease it allows in many cases to establish the direction of the search for the cause of the process( possible).With an unknown cause of the lesion, we can talk about idiopathic forms of cardiomyopathy( one or the other).

Indications for hospitalization with cardiomyopathy

Hospitalization is indicated in complex cases of restrictive cardiomyopathies. Surgical treatment of patients with this pathology is indicated with a marked thickening of the endocardium, the presence of obliteration of the ventricular cavity, and endocardoectomy is performed in this case. Prosthesis or plastic surgery of the valves is carried out with severe failure of the atrioventricular valves. It should be noted that such operations in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy are accompanied by a high risk of death( from 15 to 25%).

The prognosis of the disease is unfavorable( mortality up to 70% within five years) and to a large extent it depends on the main cause of the RCMP development. There is a more unfavorable course in amyloidosis. Adverse criteria( prognostic) are an increase in the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the ventricular complex on the results of the ECG.

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hospitalization is necessary when surgery is necessary. Surgical intervention - myectomy or myomectomy, can be carried out by patients, when drugs can relieve the symptoms of heart failure that has arisen because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is not able to. Most patients who underwent this surgical intervention( up to 70%), recover well and remain with a small number of symptoms. After the operation, physical activity is also facilitated.

Other indications for admission to the cardiology department

Acute circulatory failure is considered a direct indication for admission to the intensive care unit or cardiac recovery. With severe left ventricular failure, hospitalization after the relief of its manifestations by specialized brigades is possible. Patients with cardiogenic shock should, if possible, be hospitalized in a hospital with a cardiosurgical department, since modern ideas about the treatment of this condition are associated with aortic balloon counterpulsation, as well as with early surgical intervention. In this case, the patient is transported in a horizontal position on stretchers with cardiogenic shock, right ventricular failure, and in a sitting position, hospitalization is necessary for congestive left ventricular failure.

Also indications for hospitalization are: severe cerebral complaints, cardialgia;frequent sympathoadrenal crises;The need to clarify the diagnosis( risk group, clarification of the degree of hypertension);frequent hypertensive crises( for the choice of therapy).The state of the hypertensive crisis of the second order;Marked exacerbation or attachment of cerebral( including transient ischemic attacks) or cardinal pathology;the need for differential diagnosis with symptomatic hypertension;reduction in the effect of previously conducted antihypertensive therapy. Also, hospitalization is necessary for acute forms of coronary heart disease;With the growth of signs of chronic heart failure;heart rhythm disturbances;Heart failure, etc.