Anemia in children
Anemia( anemia) is a pathological condition caused by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood. In most cases, anemia in children occurs due to past infectious diseases and eating disorders( iron deficiency in food).Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form, since without iron, hemoglobin synthesis is impossible
Types of anemia
- Chronic and acute blood-related posthemorrhagic anemia
- Hereditary and acquired anemia caused by inadequate bone marrow production of red blood cells
- Hereditary and acquired hemolytic anemia( developDue to increased destruction of erythrocytes)
- Mixed anemia: in tumors, acute infections, leukemia, burns, endocrinopathy
- Hypoplastic and aplastic anemia
- Anemia of premature infants
- Physiological anemia of infants
- Deficiency anemia
Deficiency anemias are divided into: Vitimine deficiency, medication deficiency, protein deficiency, iron deficiency, oroturia and thalassemia.
. The causes of
- Insufficient amount in the body necessary for educationHemoglobin substances
- The presence of diseases that are accompanied by a violation of intestinal absorption of substances responsible for the formeds hemoglobin
- acquired / congenital bone marrow are responsible for blood formation
In children, anemia can contribute to the following factors: repetitive diseases, worms, high sensitivity to environmental factors and the immaturity of the blood, prematurity
In children, anemia canContribute to the following factors: often recurring diseases, helminths, high sensitivity to environmental factors and immaturity of the organs of hematopoiesis, prematurity
Symptoms of
The absence of obvious symptoms is one of the serious problems of timely diagnosis of this disease. The main symptom of anemia in a child is the pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. Also, the presence of the disease may indicate: repetitive stomatitis, dry skin of the child, cracks in the corners of the mouth, disturbed digestive processes( constipation or diarrhea ), the child gets tired quickly, often crying. In children of small age, iron deficiency anemia often leads to a significant lag in psychomotor development, and older children suffer from intellectual development, there is enuresis and muscle pains occur. If iron deficiency anemia takes a severe form - the overall immune defense of the child decreases, the tone of the heart muscle decreases, and dizziness occurs.
blood test is the only accurate method of diagnosing anemia
Treatment
Upon confirmation of the diagnosis of anemia, the child prescribed vitamins and iron supplements( Aktiferrin, Maltofer etc.).The duration of therapy, as well as the dosage of the drug, is determined by the attending physician and depends on the age of the child. If the baby at the time of detection of this disease is still breastfeeding, the mother should eat foods rich in iron. To iron preparations are better assimilated, must adhere to a specially designed diet: the administration of drugs to combine with products that promote iron absorption( fructose, animal protein, organic acids) and carefully to avoid the combination of drugs with those products that inhibit iron absorption( eggs, cheese, cow'sMilk, tea).
Prevention of pediatric anemia consists in sufficient exposure to fresh air, physical activity, the timely introduction of meat products and juices.
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