Agrammatism

Agrammatism is a speech disorder that manifests itself in the complexities in the construction and perception of sentences. People suffering from this speech disorder are prone to brain damage in the area of ​​the Sylvian furrow. Agrammatism is translated from Greek as a lack of quality or attribute. This term is applied to reading or writing. Agrammatism in adults occurs with a variety of forms of aphasia( speech disorders, characterized by loss of phrases, and words as expressions of thoughts).

Agrammatism in children occurs at the earliest stages of speech development and in hearing disorders. This phenomenon reveals itself in oral and written speech.

Agrammatism of the causes of

First of all, the causes include disorders in the brain, provoked by various diseases, as well as disturbances and changes in the peripheral part of the auditory analyzer. Often, susceptible to the disease are hard of hearing, mentally retarded children with an underdeveloped speech.

Agrammatism Symptoms

All symptoms directly depend on the degree of manifestation of the disease, which manifest themselves in the deficiencies of the phonemic system of speech and vocabulary.

Symptoms of agrammatism are manifested in the fact that children begin to speak much later than the due date. The emergence of phrasal speech occurs after 2-3, or even 4 years. The speech of toddlers is often filled with agrammatisms characterized by improper application of grammatical forms.

Often parents do not pay attention to violations in the speech of the baby. They are reassured by the fact that the sound reproduction is normal, and so the child will, in the course of time, learn how to correctly harmonize the word combinations. Such a child can successfully master a first-class program, including reading and writing, and to learn the sound structure of words. However, the child has insurmountable difficulties in mastering the morphological principles of writing. And only after that, in a state of perplexity, parents turn to specialists( speech therapist, neurologist).The teacher in fact immediately discovers that the child can not master the rules of declining words by gender, case, number. This is noted in the wrong alignment of words, as well as writing the endings of words. The schoolboy writes grammatically( contrary to the rules of grammar).For example, "long tape", "on the window."

According to age skills, the child must correctly coordinate the words by the 4-th year. And to this age mistakes in speech are not the norm. If your child makes mistakes like "near the table," "the tree," you need to get advice from specialists.

As for the rules of word formation with the help of prefixes, as well as suffixes, then these skills the child takes possession much later, by 7-8 years. At the age of 7-8 the schoolchild must coordinate the words among themselves, and also form new words. If this does not happen, then diagnose agrammatism in children.

Agrammatisms in schoolchildren are detected immediately upon admission to an educational institution. Children have defects in pronunciation, unformed lexico-grammatical structure, phonemic perception, and also coherent speech.

Agrammatisms in children at 7-8 years are most pronounced. It was during this period that the children already master the grammar, and also begin to learn grammar rules. Prerequisites for this are the poverty of the vocabulary. And as studies show, it is precisely because of the poverty of the vocabulary, as well as the inaccuracies in understanding the lexical meaning of words, that this violation occurs.

Types of agrammatisms

Neuropathologists, neurologists, reflexotherapists distinguish two main types of agrammatism. This is an impressive agrammatism and expressive agrammatism of speech disturbance.

The impressive agrammatism is marked by complete, as well as partial, violation of the understanding of the meaning of grammatical constructions of perceived speech.

Expressive agrammatism is a grammatical violation of the design of active speech. Expressive agrammatism is characterized by the misuse of cases, prepositions, declensions.

Agrammatism examples

The agrammatism of the telegraphic style is syntactic aphasia. This type of disorder sometimes occurs in isolation, often it occurs together with motor difficulties. Localization is characterized by a concentration closer to the Broca zone, responsible for the reproduction of speech. This section of the bark is a goal. The brain that controls the muscles of the tongue, face, jaws, pharynx, is located in the frontal lower lobe of the brain head. Those afflicted with this form of aphasia hardly experience difficulties in updating the automated series and calling these series. Patients are able to repeat individual words, but when repeating sentences they make grammatical errors. Defects of speech are most marked in the speech of patients.

Examples of the most pronounced form of agrammatism include a series of nominations: "here. .. fell. .. and here. .. surgery. .. that's. .. anesthesia. .. and now. .. emptiness. .. that's woke up". .. A less pronounced form is characterized by inadequate construction of proposals. The first is the name of an animate noun, then all nouns are used in random cases or nominative cases.

Examples of agrammatism "The girl went to school";"Grandma is reading a newspaper";"The dog. .. the chicken. .. was carrying", "I went to the guests. .. the guests went."The last example clearly shows the order of words in different semantic roles. This indicates the construction of the statement of the rules of semantic syntax.

There are the following difficulties in speech perception:

is a difficult perception of sentences. For example, "A cat follows a dog" is perceived worse than "A cat is drinking milk";

- the difficult perception of sentences with a basic arrangement of words that deviate from the standard;

is a difficult perception of sentences that have a complex syntactic structure in comparison with simpler sentences.

Symptoms of agrammatism are revealed after the experiment, which is associated with the perception of speech. In the course of the experiment, the subject is shown pictures, with appropriate suggestions.

The agrammatisms in the speech are marked by the poverty and simplicity of the variety of syntactic sentence structures, as well as the lack of full-fledged sentences. This violation is characterized by the omission of service words, which include prepositions, articles, auxiliary verbs, as well as pronouns.

Agrammatisms in speech are accompanied by a low rate of speech. Psychologists explain this phenomenon from the point of view of adaptation: attempts to adapt the patient to his own broken speech, consisting in a slow process of its processing, as well as the difficulty of creating sentences with an unusual order of words.

The agrammatism in children in speech is explained by different approaches. There is a hypothesis of the removal of traces, suggesting that speech disturbance under agrammatism includes their disappearance, related to the processing of the sentence. The mapping hypothesis notes a violation of the mechanism for interpreting syntactic structures in the terms of semantic roles themselves. It is also believed that violations occur with a decrease in available memory.

Treatment includes special developed techniques that allow children and adults to restore the ability to apply the grammatical structure of speech. The prognosis for the future depends on the degree of the main pathological process, as well as on the depth of speech impairment and the timely diagnosis of the disease.

How to treat agrammatism? A good effect is provided by a comprehensive treatment, including speech therapy, speech therapy, microcurrent reflexology. All treatment regimens are assigned individually, taking into account the peculiarities of the delay in the development of each patient. Treatment courses include at least 15 sessions.

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