Vasodilating action: a mechanism of development, a value for the body

Under the influence of some factors in the body, a vasodilating or vasodilating effect is observed. What is the vasodilating effect? This ability of various factors to reduce the tone of the walls of blood vessels, as a result of which increases the clearance between them. A similar effect occurs:

• if the body has an inflammatory process;
• with mechanical action, for example, during a massage session;
• under the influence of physical and chemical factors( ultraviolet rays, heat, drugs);
• hypnotic state.

In addition, vasodilation occurs with physical and mental activity, eating food.

Mechanism of vasodilating effect development

To widen the vascular bed it is possible:

• relaxing the smooth musculature of the vessels;
• affecting the nerve fibers that innervate the blood vessels;
• exposure through humoral systems with the help of vasodilators, which are carried with the blood flow through the body.

Expansion of the lumen of the vessels is a natural reaction of the body, which allows improving the blood supply of organs. They get more oxygen and nutrients. So with the expansion of cerebral vessels, mental activity rises.

In the development of the inflammatory process, the vasodilator effect is observed under the influence of inflammatory mediators( bradykinin, prostaglandins).Strengthening the blood supply helps to eliminate the causes that provoked the inflamed process and restore damaged tissue.

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The use of vasodilating effect in medical practice

The vasodilating effect of drugs in medicine is used for:

• redistribution of blood in the body, for example, when performing surgery on a "dry" heart;
• decrease in the rate of blood circulation and pressure decrease in hypertension and hypertensive crisis;
• normalization of trophism and acceleration of regeneration of damaged tissues, after trauma, focal necrosis and general vascular damage in atherosclerosis.

Medications with a vasodilating effect

The list of names of vasodilator preparations is quite large. Among these medicines, several groups are distinguished. The first group includes medicines that act directly on the smooth musculature of the vessels:

• Papaverine;
• Drotaverina hydrochloride;
• Atropine;
• Eufillin;
• Platyphylline.

Drugs relax the smooth muscles, eliminate spasms of the internal organs and simultaneously improve their blood supply. This explains the analgesic effect for various types of colic and bronchospasm.

The second group includes medicines that affect the nerve plexus - the ganglion. Therefore, they are called ganglioblocators. Medications interrupt all nerve impulses that come to the vessels, which leads to their expansion. Since the arteries have innervation stronger, they relax more than veins.

Important! Ganglioblocators can not be used on their own, as they cause a sharp drop in pressure, which can be life threatening.

Ganglioblockers include Benzohexonium, Pachycarpine, Pentamine. They are used:

• to eliminate vasospasms with obliterating endarteritis;
• for pressure reduction, in order to prevent aortic rupture in an aneurysm.

The third group includes medicines that only dilate arterioles and venules. Such drugs are called peripheral vasodilators. Medications are used to normalize high blood pressure. They are of direct and indirect action. The drug is a direct action - Naniprus, Hydralazine, Minoxidin. Indirect peripheral vasodilators include:

• Regitin;
• angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors;
• calcium antagonists;
• sartans.

The latter group includes drugs that cause the release of nitrous oxide. This substance is a natural vasodilator, which is released in the body in response to the narrowing of blood vessels. The group includes nitrites and nitrates( Nitrocore, Nitromint, Monosan).All members of this group have to go through the liver in order to have their therapeutic effect. Therefore, they are not prescribed to patients with hepatic insufficiency.

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For some drugs, the vasodilating effect is an undesirable reaction, for example:

• in nicotinic acid;
• in Viagra, which is used to improve potency, and the vasodilator effect is secondary.

The vasodilating or vasodilating effect is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Medicines that expand the lumen of blood vessels are widely used in modern medicine to treat arterial hypertension, as well as pathologies associated with narrowing of the vessels of the brain.