Treatment of burns in children

Burns through negligence are not uncommon for young children. As a rule, the main type of burns in children - food liquids( teas, soups), as well as hot water. By the way, cocoa and fatty soups can inflict the most serious injuries, even from an open fire in an adult, burns are weaker. The fact that the skin is much more tender, only 1-2 seconds under the influence of a liquid above 70 C and the child will get a 2-3 degree burn. Older children always tend to fire, use combustible and explosive materials, often getting in a situation with a sudden fire and starting to put it out, get burned.

Burns are divided into four degrees:

  • the first degree causes slight redness, a small swelling, with such burns, pain is felt when touching;
  • the second degree is marked by the formation of a bladder with moisture, a rather painful sensation;
  • the third degree is an obvious wound, the upper layers of the skin are absent, the wound has a gray or light brown hue, however, the pain is much less, since pain receptors are also destroyed. This is a very serious injury and requires medical examination.
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  • the fourth degree is the heaviest, with such burns the muscles, tendons and even bones are affected, hospitalization is required.

For young children, burns that cover 25-30% of the body can be fatal.

First aid

It is necessary to remove the child from the heat source, whether it is water, open fire or a heat device. If the clothing is on fire, it should not just be extinguished, but completely removed, cut and bare the body, do it carefully, without damaging the body. Burnt clothing instantly sticks to the burn, after a while it will be much more difficult and painful for the child to remove. Here it is important to consider that even after removing the source of the burn, the body itself continues to spread the burn for some time. The burn area must be cooled and not allowed to spread further, it can be handy tools, cold water, perhaps there is ready ice, which is enough to hold for 10-15 minutes. If the area of ​​the lesion is large and accompanied by severe shock, it is necessary to introduce an anesthetic, these are intramuscular, less frequent intravenous injections.

Chemical burns

In such cases, it is extremely important to immediately remove all clothing from the child, the chemical will most likely remain on the clothing. Next, it is necessary to wash the wound abundantly under running water, this will eliminate both painful shock and remove possible remnants of the substance from the skin and wounds. It is important to remember that chemical burns are caused by acids and alkalis. Therefore, do not remove the acid - alkali, and alkali - neutralize with acid, otherwise the result will be an even stronger reaction, which will intensify the burn.

Electric burns

The most important thing is to stop the effect of electricity, the wire needs to be removed, and if it does not work, then somehow disconnect. In this case, everything becomes more complicated, because you can not touch the child with your bare hands, you can remove the object of exposure with a plastic or wooden object, you need to remove the child from the edge of clothing. With such burns, it's best not to treat yourself, you just need to put a bandage on the burn and take it to the hospital, you need a professional examination of the wound.

Treatment

Treatment involves hospital care, the child will make general anesthesia, treated with special drugs, you may need to remove foreign bodies. Often, the skin remains on the skin, it is superimposed on the surface and accelerates healing, burns are smeared with a special burn petroleum jelly. Depending on the degree of burn, further treatment is usually given, usually closed or open. Open treatment is when the body is not covered with bandages, the child is kept in a special sterile ward and under supervision.

Closed treatment means dressing the wound with bandages, it is quite painful, with changing dressings, the treatment procedure is carried out by various means of healing and disinfection.

Burns can be so deep that one can not do without surgical intervention. In such cases, remove the charred and dead tissue, these areas are covered with skin taken from other parts of the body. This is the only way to guarantee full-fledged treatment, the operations are done in several stages, as healing progresses, sometimes 8-10 times.

After a burn with electricity, there is a possibility of disrupting the heart and lowering electrolytes in the blood, you can increase their content with special additives.

The most frequent burns are sunburns, children quickly get burns in the form of redness, painful symptoms and fever with chills. It is necessary to cool the body with cool water and apply a cream, as well as preparations containing panthenol, even simple paracetamol and ibuprofen are recommended.