What is atresia

Description

Atresia of the esophagus in newborns refers to extremely serious diseases. Pathology is detected immediately at the birth of a child, and it is not compatible with life, since almost completely absent the esophagus. The child can not swallow food. It can penetrate the respiratory tract and provoke a progressive inflammation of the lungs. The lethal effect is not ruled out.

To save a child can only a very complicated operation, in which the patency of the esophagus is completely restored. The operation is performed using 3 punctures with the thinnest instrument, the thorax is not cut.

Causes of

The cause of an abnormality is the developmental disruption of the embryo in the early stages. First, the trachea and esophagus are connected to each other, but within a month of intrauterine development, their division occurs. If there is a violation of the direction of the esophagus and the rate of its growth, there is atresia.

The following factors may provoke a fetal dysfunction:

instagram viewer
  • Alcohol and smoking;
  • Drugs;
  • Poor environmental conditions;
  • Harmful products of household chemical goods;
  • The age of the pregnant. After 35 years, the risk of developing the disease is significantly increased;
  • X-rays during the first trimester of fetal development;
  • Some medications may affect negatively the development of the fetus.

Atresia is often combined with a number of vices of some organs:

  • Lesion of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • Heart defect;
  • Malfunction of the musculoskeletal system;
  • Disorders of the genitourinary system;
  • Abnormalities of the skull and facial area.

There are 5 main forms of the disease:

  1. Fistula. This is the most common form of the disease, when the upper part of the esophagus ends blindly, and the lower part fuses with the trachea.
  2. Isolated form. The areas of the esophageal tube are blind and blind at the top and bottom.
  3. An alternative fistulous form. It is rarely observed. The upper part of the esophagus is connected to the trachea, and the lower part of it is blind.
  4. Isolated tracheoesophageal fistula. With this form, both sections are connected in one place with the trachea.
  5. The form of two tracheoesophageal fistula. The esophagus is connected to the trachea in different places.

Symptoms of

Symptoms of esophagus atresia The disease is noticeable already in the first hours of the child's life. With atresia, a foamy mucous fluid is allocated from the nose and mouth, vomiting is possible.

Insufficiency of the airways. Rattling in the lungs, there are attacks of suffocation.

Feeding leads to vomiting and severe cough. The baby does not take the mother's breast. The skin begins to turn blue. The body is dehydrated. There is bloating due to the release of air into the stomach.

Diagnosis

At the slightest suspicion of atresia, the patency of the esophagus is examined using a rubber catheter, which is inserted through the nasal passages.

Tracheobronchoscopy, X-ray examination and esophagoscopy( hardware examination of the esophagus) are performed to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Before birth, if necessary, prenatal diagnosis using ultrasound to determine the size of the stomach of the fetus and the passage of the esophageal tube.

Treatment of

Treatment of esophagus atresia Treatment of atresia is possible only with the help of surgery.

The process involves 3 stages:

  1. Preparatory.
  2. Operation.
  3. Postoperative observation.

Preparatory stage

Aspiration( aspiration) of the contents of the nasal and oral cavities is done. Served with oxygen, food is delivered through a vein.

Hemostatic drugs and antibiotics are being introduced. This is required to prevent the risk of complications during the operation.

Surgical intervention

After the preparatory procedures, an operation is performed. During the surgical procedure:

  1. Disconnected esophagus and trachea.
  2. The parts of the esophagus( upper and lower) are connected together.

Post-operative monitoring of

X-ray examination is carried out after 7 days in order to evaluate the correctness of the digestive tract connections.

With a positive result, the baby is transferred to the food through the mouth with breast milk. Feeding with a mixture for newborns is allowed.

Observations and examination of the newborn continues for some time.

Folk remedies

There are no folk prescriptions for the treatment of atresia.

Complications of

If the operation is not performed in a timely manner, the baby will die from pneumonia( aspiration).It will arise from penetration into the lungs of food.

Complications after surgery are possible the following:

  • Connection infection;
  • The discrepancy between the connected parts of the esophagus.

After a long period of time after surgery, there may be a muscle underdevelopment. In this case, the transition of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus is provoked.

A narrow passage together of the joints of the esophagus can lead to difficulty swallowing food.

Prevention

Prevention of atresia should be handled only by a pregnant woman:

  • Follow the HLS.Do not use drugs, alcohol and do not smoke;
  • Less contact with X-rays;
  • Avoid aggressive household products;
  • Drugs should be used only with the permission of a doctor.

A good environmental situation will be a huge plus for living during the entire pregnancy.