All about periodontitis: the causes of the appearance and the main symptoms, treatment recommendations, photo

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontium, that is, the connective tissue located between the tooth and the bed.The disease can be observed even in young children, so it is very important to regularly be examined and, if necessary, to begin treatment in a timely manner.

Types

In terms of flow patterns, there are 2 forms: chronic and acute .It is worth noting that the first variety is very common, since its symptoms are not always pronounced.Acute periodontitis is divided into purulent and serous, and chronic - granulomatous, granulating and fibrous.

There is another classification based on the origin of the disease:

• Medical periodontitis occurs due to the ingestion of strong drugs in the dental canal.Most often, it is an agent with arsenic, formalin or phenol.
• The cause of infectious periodontitis is an untreated caries or pulpitis, in which the infection enters the periodontium.Microbes penetrate the gums through the dental canal and cause inflammation.
• Traumatic periodontitis
  develops due to trauma.It's about painful nakusyvanii something solid, improperly placed crown, the habit of gnawing pencils and pens.

The main causes of

Periodontitis, the symptoms of which may be mild, sometimes develop due to common factors, that is, with diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous system .

Among the local factors are the following:

• mechanical injuries;
• complications of diseases of the oral cavity;
• inaccurate dental intervention;
• non-compliance with hygiene regulations;
• deficiency of vitamins and microelements;
• bad habits.

Common Symptoms

Acute Periodontitis

The main symptom is pain that increases when you touch the teeth or close the jaws.The main difference between periodontitis and other diseases is that a person can accurately determine a tooth that causes unpleasant sensations.The patient feels bursting or pressure in the bone.

In the development of the inflammatory process, pus is formed in the tissues, and the pain becomes pulsating and the can give to the temple and ear .At this stage, reddening of soft tissues and swelling are often noted.

If the pus for some reason does not go outside, the patient's condition worsens.So, there is a rise in temperature and edema formation.If you do not start treatment, you may develop serious complications, including osteomyelitis, sepsis and phlegmon.

Chronic periodontitis

In most cases, this form has no severe symptoms.Most often on the tooth there is a carious cavity, which can be hidden under the seal.The patient remembers that this tooth used to be sick before, and after taking medication the discomfort left, so he just does not pay much attention to such a symptom.

On the gum near the tooth in some cases appears fistula .Also sometimes there is a putrefactive smell.During a careful examination, the dentist is tapping his teeth and, in the presence of chronic periodontitis, a deaf sound is heard.

If the exacerbation of a chronic form begins, the symptoms will resemble acute periodontitis.However, there are certain differences.Chronic disease is characterized by duration, significant darkening of the crown and fistula formation.In addition, the aching tooth can become mobile .

Treatment

The main task of treating periodontitis is the elimination of the inflammatory process.In this case, it is necessary to take into account the degree of development of the disease, the age of the patient and the features of the anatomical structure of the tooth and its roots.

In any case, root channel processing is assigned.If tooth treatment was performed earlier, and the seal can not be removed, surgical treatment is prescribed.Thus, the apical part of the root is cut, and then, with the use of local anesthesia, the removed tissues are removed.After this, the cavity of the tooth is opened and then the dying tissues are removed.If the nerve is inflamed, it is completely removed.

A careful flushing and cleaning of the channels is mandatory.This will help to avoid pus depressing into the bone.To perform this procedure, special tools are used, which differ in their shape and size.

Different antiseptics are suitable for washing channels.It can be a solution of chlorhexidine, chloramine, hydrogen peroxide.Medicines are also prescribed, which improve the clearance of infected and damaged canal walls.

In general, treatment is carried out in stages.First, the necrotic tissues are removed, followed by purification, followed by rinsing and drying of the root canals.If a lot of pus leaves the cavity, baths with soda are prescribed.The tooth remains open for 1-2 days.

To remove inflammation and improve the condition, special anti-inflammatory pastes are used.They are applied to the damaged area and closed with a temporary filling for 10 days.Thanks to this technique, it is possible to determine whether the inflammatory process stops.In this case, it is necessary to remember about the possibility of an allergic reaction of .So, before introducing the paste, you need to clarify whether the patient has an allergy to the components.After 7-10 days put a permanent seal, followed by an X-ray examination to determine the condition of the bone.It is performed several times at intervals of 3 months.

Possible complications

With bone inflammation, dental treatment is greatly complicated, since it is not so easy to achieve extinction of the inflammatory process.Even if the canal was carefully sealed, it does not always help to avoid complications.

Most often after filling the channels, the pain is noted, which is caused by trauma .It is a question of the rough impact of professional tools in the processing of canals, as well as the insertion of a filling material into the bone.

In some cases, it is impossible to determine the exact cause of the pain.If there are no other unpleasant symptoms, and the swelling and fever goes through a couple of days, the pain will also gradually subside.

If a few weeks after the treatment of periodontitis unpleasant sensations persist, it is recommended that reduce the load on the tooth .This particularly applies to chewing.When the pain is constantly increasing, as well as worsening of the condition and the formation of edema, antimicrobial therapy is prescribed.

One possible complication is an increase in the pathological focus without clinical manifestations.In this situation, a part of the root is resected, that is, its apex is excised, after which the inflammatory focus is gently removed.An empty space is filled with special preparations.For the procedure to be successful, it is necessary to take into account the degree of inflammation, the features of the anatomical structure of the tooth, the age and the state of the patient's immunity.

If the treatment of periodontitis has been ineffective and a pathological focus has been observed, the tooth should be removed.

Recommendations for patients

• If there is a suspicion of periodontitis and a strong, non-abrasive pain is observed next to one tooth, then this place should not be heated .Also, do not take strong drugs.This is due to the fact that the vessels expand when heated, which means that the swelling will increase, and the infection will enter the blood.
• To reduce the pain, you should make soda baths, dissolving in a glass of warm water 1 tsp.Soda.The liquid is collected in the mouth and held for a few seconds, and then spit out.The procedure is repeated 5-7 times .
• Pentalgin or ketanov may be taken.

If periodontitis causes an increase in edema or an increase in body temperature, you should immediately call your dentist.This will help to avoid serious complications and save a problem tooth.