Thick tumor of the thyroid gland

A dense tumor of the thyroid gland can be of two types: benign and malignant. The benign can include follicular and papillary adenomas, functioning adenomas - Plummer's disease, adenomas from Gurtle cells and others. So what are the causes of thyroid tumors?

Thyroid tumor.
Dense tumor in most cases is cancer, and the rest of the neoplasia( sarcomas, epidermoid cancer, lymphomas and others) - no more than 1 - 2% of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. And that's why we will talk about cancer. But this group of neoplasms is also not quite homogeneous. There are types of cancer, such as: highly differentiated thyroid cancer( papillary and follicular), undifferentiated cancer or anaplastic and medullary cancer. Their differences are morphological. There are differences in the possibilities of treatment and cure, as well as in the prognosis of the disease.
To date, nodes in the thyroid gland can be found in about 20-30% of the world's population, in addition, lately the frequency of their detection is constantly increasing, which may be due to the extensive use of modern ultrasound machines, which allow finding even small formations. Among tumors of the thyroid gland, which have a size of more than 1 centimeter, about 5% are malignant tumors. And if taken as a whole, thyroid cancer took an insignificant place among oncological diseases( 1 - 2%) and an even smaller place was taken in the mortality of oncological diseases( 0.4 and less).But he in turn became the first among cancers of endocrine. Only in Russia every year, about 8-9 thousand new patients with thyroid cancer are identified. In different regions there is a different incidence.

In Russia, the highest rates of disease occurrence among the male population have been identified in the Bryansk, Saratov, Orel, Altai and Krasnodar regions. The number of diseases among women leaders - Bryansk region, Altai, Krasnodar region, Sakhalin region. The data of uneven distribution can be associated with iodine deficiency in these places or with the radiation situation. In all other countries, thyroid cancer is increasing, and in the last decade it has doubled.
Risk Factors.
The causes of thyroid cancer are not fully understood, but the factors of possible risk have been studied quite well. These include the lack of iodine in the nutritional diet, the level of radiation, several hereditary conditions, for example, family polyposis, Kauden's disease, Gardner's syndrome, which are associated with a high risk of thyroid cancer, part of the factors associated with lifestyleWith smoking and alcohol).Only the risk factor of the disease - ionizing radiation - has been fully proved.
It has been observed that people with this disease are more likely to suffer radial treatment of the neck and head region in childhood or young age due to some diseases. Thyroid cancer is often detected in people with long-standing nodular goiter. Influences and disorders of hormones in the body, which arose in chronic diseases of other organs of the endocrine system. According to all studied risk factors and causes listed above and mentioned in the article, it is possible to collect a group of people with the highest risk of developing this disease.
This group will include people:

• who have undergone ionizing irradiation;
• patients with existing long-term nodule formations in the thyroid gland;
• all men who have nodal formations in the thyroid gland, which does not depend on the time of existence of the nodes;
• persons who have patients with medullary thyroid cancer in the family;
• patients, especially female, with benign or malignant tumors of the genital area, mammary glands, adrenals, intestines in the presence of nodular education in the thyroid gland.

The formation of these groups is necessary for targeted medical examination, which will allow to find malignant tumors at an early stage and to conduct treatment on time. This issue is especially topical in connection with the increasingly complicated radiation situation.
The first signal and the reason for thyroid cancer is finding a node in it. The knot can be found by the patient himself, by the treating doctor or by the ultrasound of the neck. Other attributes include hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing food, a lymph node on the neck becomes larger, a cough, the ability to choke when eating, difficulty breathing. These symptoms occur with a more significant size of the primary tumor and more common tumor processes in general. They do not appear so often, as in a large number of cases the development of thyroid cancer is slow. Diagnosis of thyroid cancer requires examination and feeling of the thyroid gland, you need to feel the cervical lymph nodes, a study of ultrasound. These actions are sufficient to detect a node or nodes. But more than 90% of cases they are benign, so verification is needed using a fine needle aspiration biopsy and the following cytological examination. In more cases, these actions enough, exception - follicular cancer, where the final distinction between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma is conducted after removing the thyroid lobe with a knot, causing suspicion.