Causes of calculus, how it is formed, and what are the ways to fight tartar

People who are not particularly interested in the structure of their body, think that the teeth are completely immobile and firmly fused with the bones of the jaw.And this is absolutely not the case: the dental roots are connected to the jaw bones with the help of connective tissues, and in combination with the gum this is the periodontal tissue.Probably many people know the word periodontitis, but not everyone knows what this means until they encounter this problem.And this problem is very unpleasant and can lead to a complete loss of teeth.Therefore, it is better to know in advance what it is.Periodontitis usually occurs due to deposits of stones on the teeth.And what is tartar?How do the stones appear on the teeth?

What is tartar?

Dental stone is a partially or completely mineralized microbial scurf on the teeth that has not been removed by daily hygiene procedures.

There are two types of stones:

• Supragingival .When examining the teeth, you can see them with the naked eye.
• Subgingival .Formed in periodontal pockets.They can not be seen with the naked eye.To detect these dental deposits can be done during periodontal operations or during probing periodontal pockets.

Why is tartar formed?

After eating food, a certain amount of food remains remains in the mouth.The remains of food are used by bacteria to maintain their vital functions.It was found that if only hygiene procedures were not performed for one day, during this time the amount of bacterial plaque doubles .Nutrients are necessary for bacteria not only for reproduction, but also for the production of enzymes( enzymes), with which bacteria are tightly attached to the surface of the teeth.

In the absence of proper hygienic care for the oral cavity, the bacterial colonies attached to the teeth merge and considerable bacterial masses are formed.At the initial stage, the formed plaque is still soft and can easily be removed with a toothbrush.But over time, there will be mineralization of a soft microbial raid, which will turn into tartar.

Calcification( mineralization) occurs as follows: saliva contains potassium and protein salts that settle on the surface of bacterial colonies, and the set gradually hardens.During the mineralization process, the layer of new bacterial colonies occurs.That's how tartar grows.Also, the plaque excretes inflammatory mediators and toxins, which is why inflammatory phenomena on the gums begin.

The main signs of gingival inflammation:

• Blue or reddening of gums.
• Bleeding gums while brushing teeth.
• Pain in the gingiva.Appearance of pus in the periodontal pockets.
• .
• Mobility of teeth.

Gum disease is necessary for the life of bacteria.Why?In a place where the teeth adhere to the gums, there is a groove, the gum disease is produced regularly on it .This liquid contains a large number of proteins and salts, which are vital for bacteria to grow colonies.When inflammation occurs in the gums, an increase in the production of the dentogingival fluid occurs, and as a result, bacterial colonies receive even more salts and proteins.That is, when there is inflammation in the gums( periodontitis, gingivitis), the rate of tartar formation increases dramatically.

Other reasons for the formation of tartar are:

• Regular consumption of very sweet or oily food, which leaves a plentiful plaque on the tooth enamel.
• Deficiency in the diet of solid products, which cleans the surface of the teeth well.Chewing food on one side of the mouth.
• .Plaque is deposited on the side that does not participate in the process of chewing food.
• Smoking.Resins that are contained in tobacco smoke, accumulate on the teeth forming a dark raid.
• Endocrine disorders.
• Metabolic disorders.

Consequences of calculus formation

The resulting stones on the teeth can cause:

• Bad odor of from the mouth.
• Inflammation of the gum ( periodontitis and gingivitis).Microbial scurf on the teeth and hard deposits secrete toxins that trigger the process of inflammation in the gum.Inflammation begins in the form of edema, bleeding, soreness and redness of the gums.All these symptoms are characteristic of gingivitis.If you do not start treatment of gingivitis in time, then the inflammation will sweep the bone tissue.As a result, gingivitis can turn into periodontitis.
• Caries .Microorganisms, which are contained in soft and hard dental deposits, secrete hydrochloric acid, which destroys the enamel and the tooth begins to rot.
• Diseases of the oral mucosa .The accumulation of a large number of microbes can lead to inflammation of the oral mucosa.As a result, erosion, ulcers and stomatitis may occur.

Methods for removing tartar

The only and most reliable method of getting rid of stones on the teeth is the professional removal of hard deposits.Qualitatively and professionally remove hard deposits on the teeth can only be a dentist.Folk methods, various rinses and lotions, absolutely do not work on tartar.

Techniques for the professional removal of tartar:

• Mechanical manual removal of .Hard deposits are removed using dental hooks.This method is quite painful and ineffective when removing subgingival stones, so it is used very rarely.But the use of a special Swiss device, which under pressure produces a medicinal mixture, will accurately and painlessly remove all the hard deposits.If the deposits are too hard, then the chemical method is used.The tooth stone is dissolved with the help of chemical alkalis and acids.
• Ultrasonic removal of .This method of removal is the most popular.Carry out this procedure with the help of special devices - scalers, which produce vibration at the level of ultrasound.Under the influence of vibration, tartar collapses and lags behind the surface of the teeth.After the procedure, the surface of the teeth is treated with polishing nozzles, then covered with toothpaste, which strengthens the enamel.
• Laser removal of .This method is the most modern and effective, but rather expensive.When removing solid deposits with a laser beam, all microbes that cause inflammation are destroyed, and tooth enamel is also bleached.

How to avoid tartar formation?

To prevent the formation of stones on the teeth, it is recommended:

• Brush your teeth at least twice a day.
• Always rinse your mouth after eating.
• Restrict the consumption of fatty and sweet foods.Include in the diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as solid foods.Chew the food with both sides of the mouth.
• When a dark raid on the teeth is necessary to undergo a medical examination.This will help to find out the reasons for the change in the acid-base balance.
• Visit the dentist regularly.

Adherence to preventive measures and regular visits to a dentist will help slow or even prevent the formation of stones on the teeth.