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Distinguishing signs of clinical and biological death in humans

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Content:

  • Concept of clinical and biological death
  • Signs of clinical and biological death
  • How to make sure that a person is dead?
  • When a person can be saved

Clinical and biological death A person, like every living organism on the Earth, starts his way from birth and inevitably ends up with his death. This is a normal biological process. This is the law of nature. It is possible to prolong life, but it is impossible to make it eternal. People dream, create a lot of theories, offer different ideas about eternal life. Unfortunately, while they are unjustified. And it is especially insulting when life breaks down not because of old age, but because of illness( see Consequences of craniocerebral injuries) or an accident. Clinical and biological death: how do they look? And why life does not always win?

The concept of clinical and biological death

When all vital functions of the body cease to function, death occurs. But a person, as a rule, does not die immediately. He goes through several stages before completely saying goodbye to life. The very process of dying consists of two phases - clinical and biological death( see How to determine the fact of brain death).

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Signs of clinical and biological death give us the opportunity to consider how the death of a person occurs and, possibly, save it. Knowing the features and the first symptoms of clinical death, as well as the early signs of biological death, you can accurately determine a person's condition and begin resuscitation.

Clinical death is considered a process that is reversible. This is an intermediate moment between a living organism and a deceased person. It is characterized by the cessation of breathing and stopping the work of the heart and ends with physiological processes in the cerebral cortex, which are considered irreversible. The maximum duration of this period is 4-6 minutes. At a low ambient temperature, the time of reversible changes is doubled.

Important! Having discovered that there is no pulse on the carotid artery, immediately start resuscitation without losing a minute. We must remember how it is conducted. Sometimes there are situations when someone's life is in your hands.

Biological death is an irreversible process. Without the access of oxygen and nutrients, cells of various organs die and it is not possible to revitalize the body. He will no longer be able to function, a person can not be revived. This is the difference between clinical death and biological death. They are separated by a period of only 5 minutes.

Signs of clinical and biological death

When the death is clinical, then all the manifestations of life are absent:

  • no pulse;
  • no breath;
  • is "withdrawn from work" of the CNS;
  • muscle tone is absent;
  • changes skin color( pallor).

But imperceptibly for us, at a very low level, metabolic processes are still going on, the tissues are viable and can still be fully restored. The time interval is determined by the work of the cerebral cortex. Once the nerve cells die, it is completely impossible to restore the person.

Not all organs die at once, some retain the ability to live for some time. In a few hours you can revive the heart, respiratory center. For several hours the blood retains its properties.

Biological death is:

  • physiological or natural, which occurs during the aging of the body;
  • is pathological or premature, associated with a serious illness or incompatible with life injuries.

Early symptom of biological death And in that, and in another case, to return a person to life is impossible. The signs of biological death in humans are expressed as follows:

  • cardiac rhythm termination up to 30 min;
  • lack of breathing;
  • dilates the pupil, which does not respond to light;
  • appearance of dark blue spots on the surface of the skin.

An early symptom of biological death is "a symptom of a cat's pupil."When pressing the side of the eyeball, the pupil becomes narrow and oblong, like a cat.

Because organs do not die immediately, they are used in transplantology for organ transplantation. Patients who are denied kidney, heart, other organs, are waiting for their donor. In European countries, people draw up documents permitting the use of their organs in the event of their death as a result of an accident.

How to make sure that a person is dead?

Diagnosis of clinical and biological death is important, it is performed by doctors. But how to determine it, everyone should know. The irreversible death of a person can be established on the grounds:

  1. "Symptom of a cat's pupil".
  2. The cornea of ​​the eye dries up and becomes turbid.
  3. Formation of cadaveric spots due to decreased vascular tone. Usually they occur after several hours, when a person died.
  4. Decreased body temperature.
  5. Cadaver rigor also comes in a few hours. The muscles become firm, and the body becomes inactive.

A reliable sign of biological death doctors diagnose according to medical equipment, which determines that no more electric signals are coming from the cerebral cortex.

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When a person can be saved

Clinical death differs from biological in that a person can still be saved. The exact signal of clinical death is considered if the pulse on the carotid artery is not audible and there is no breathing( see Dysfunction of the medulla oblongata).Then resuscitation is carried out: indirect cardiac massage, the introduction of adrenaline. In medical institutions with modern equipment, such activities are more effective.

If a person has minimal signs of life, they begin an immediate recovery. If there are doubts in the statement of biological death, take resuscitation measures to prevent the death of a person.

It is also worth noting the precursors of clinical death:

  • lowering blood pressure to critical figures( below 60 mmHg);
  • bradycardia( pulse below 40 beats per minute);
  • increased heart rate and extrasystole.

Important! To establish the diagnosis of clinical death, the caregiver should take no more than 10 seconds of time! The revitalization measures, taken no later than two minutes after the appearance of the first signs of clinical death, in 92% of cases end successfully.

Will the person be saved or not? At some point the body loses its strength and stops fighting for life. Then the heart stops, the breath stops, and death begins.

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