Methods of treatment of acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an unusually serious pathology requiring immediate medical attention and hospital treatment.

If an acute attack of pancreatitis disease does not immediately stop, it can lead to the death of a vital organ - the pancreas.

The operation to remove the pancreas or parts of it is called pancreaticectomy, and it is used only in the most extreme case.

What is pancreatitis?

For most people who do not have problems with the pancreas, the word "pancreatitis" means some kind of disease, those who are concerned about the painful symptoms in the upper rightStomach, as well as digestive disorders, consider pancreatitis a very serious diagnosis.

But neither are wrong because pancreatitis is not an isolated disease, but a group of different conditions that are accompanied by an inflammatory process in the pancreas.

The pancreas refers to organs without which life was considered impossible until recently.

Today, there are cases of a full-fledged existence with a remote pancreas, however, quality and life expectancy are reduced.

The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, preventing dangerous conditions, such as diabetes mellitus.

22 enzymes in pancreatic juice play an important role in the process of converting proteins, fats and carbohydrates into building material and energy for cells.

Just think: without the pancreas the body will lose more than twice in 10 substances, which daily, continuously ensure the harmonious work of the most complicated mechanism, which is the human body. And all this is due to a small organ located behind the stomach.

The pancreas connects with the upper intestine - the duodenum, where the pancreatic juice injects with all the enzymes contained in it.

Inflamed gland continues to secrete up to two liters( in adult men and women) of pancreatic juice per day, but it remains inside the gland.

As a result, self-digestion of the organ begins, which causes the symptoms of acute pancreatitis: severe shingles in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting and others.

Acute pancreatitis quickly leads to pancreatonecrosis, in which toxic substances are released and enter the bloodstream, which are carried around the body, damaging the heart, lungs, brain, liver, kidneys.

Thus, an attack of acute pancreatitis affects not only the digestive, but also other vital body systems.

Regardless of the cause, complications of acute pancreatitis can lead to disability and even death.

Pain is an alarm system that notifies the command post - the brain - about the seriousness of the situation on the periphery.

Severe, acute or throbbing pain accompanied by other alarming symptoms is a signal that emergency care is needed and the condition is too serious to try to treat it at home.

Acute and chronic pancreatitis

There are about 10 causes of inflammatory processes in the pancreas, that is, pancreatitis is a polyethological disease, and therefore it is often impossible to determine its exact cause in women or men.

However, there are some patterns:

• increased stress on the gland, which is caused by a lack of balance in nutrition, especially increased amounts of fatty foods, alcohol( one of the most frequent companions of acute pancreatitis), some medications;
• various chronic and / or infectious diseases, traumas, pathologies in the region of the large duodenal papilla, as well as traumas of the pancreas;
• an increased level of gastric acidity provokes the production of more pancreatic juice, which is of an alkaline nature, which leads to malfunctioning of the organ;
• hereditary factors.

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid development, occurs mainly in adults, equally in men and women.

It is on the third place among acute pathologies of the abdominal cavity: pancreatitis is only ahead of inflammation of the cervical appendix of the cecum( appendicitis) and inflammation of the gallbladder( cholecystitis).

Seizure is accompanied by recognizable symptoms: a sharp, sharp pain that surrounds the abdomen, gives back and intensifies with movement.

Vomiting does not bring relief, body temperature rises. Around the eyes of the patient, there are violet shadows, the tongue becomes dry, covered with a white coating, and the abdomen swells.

If you do not call an ambulance and start treatment on time, then an acute attack develops to pancreatonecrosis( dying of the gland), which affects all vital systems of the body.

The International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 conferred the acute pancreatitis code K-85.

As a rule, acute pancreatitis becomes chronic( code ICD-10 K-86.1).

International classification ICD-10 separately allocates chronic alcoholic pancreatitis - K-86.0, it is more common in men than in women.

In general, recently, an increase in the proportion of chronic pancreatitis in women by about a third.

There is a classification according to the severity of the course of chronic pancreatitis, which includes three stages.

They are characterized by two main features:

1. frequency of exacerbations: 1-2 times a year for an easy stage, 3-4 for an average and more than five exacerbations per year for a severe stage;
2. duration of exacerbation: how quickly the attack is stopped, how marked are the symptoms of its course.

As a rule, the onset of chronic course of the disease in adult men and women coincides with inaccuracies in diet compliance.

Children's pancreatitis

One of the features of Soviet medicine, from which the medicine is modern gradually, but, unfortunately, does not go away fast enough - a surprisingly large number of diagnoses of acute and chronic pancreatitis in children.

And pancreatitis in 10 cases out of 10 is not confirmed in adults.

That is, either pancreatitis in children is perfectly treatable, in contrast to the same illness in adults, or something is wrong with the diagnosis.

Usually, in order to earn serious problems with the pancreas and bring the case to pancreatitis, adults take years of systematic crimes against their own body.

Pancreatitis develops due to constant malnutrition, alcohol abuse, as a complication of infectious diseases, often against a background of hereditary predisposition.

An attack of pancreatitis can cause various drugs that have a side effect on the pancreas.

Video:

All this is typical for adult women and men, but where to get pancreatitis from a child? There are over 10 explanations for this, here are just some of them.

Hyperdiagnostics is an exaggeration of the value of certain diagnostic indicators that are given out for signs of acute pancreatitis.

Theoretically, the doctor has the right to do this, because it is better to perebdet than not to endure. However, in practice it often turns out that doctors do not see the forest behind the trees and consider the symptoms and causes not in the aggregate, but separately, the results of inaccurate and sometimes ridiculous diagnoses that break down children's fates.

Circular bail doctors often seem like something like mutual support for the Mafiosi. However, it is not difficult to understand doctors, because who will trust a specialist who undermines the authority of his colleague?

This is one of the reasons why doctors rarely refute the conclusions and conclusions of other doctors, prescribing unnecessary and sometimes simply harmful treatment.

Parental expectations can not be ignored as a reason for the high percentage of serious diagnoses in young children.

Of course, parents do not want to treat a child from a non-existent disease, their task is to help. But for adults it is important to learn and eliminate the causes of the slightest pain in the abdomen of the precious child.

For many parents, the medical explanation in the spirit of "be patient, grow out" sounds like a sign of a doctor's low qualification.

Another thing is when the clinician makes a specific diagnosis( even if the essence of it is very vague, for example, in the case of pancreatitis) and appoints complex treatment and expensive drugs.

This allows parents not to feel helpless and enthusiastically treating the baby.

Features of the digestive system of children, which is gradually formed and is under the influence of an equally imperfect nervous system - two causes of problems with digestion in childhood, which result in unreasonably serious diagnoses.

Video:

Proper nutrition and healthy psychological climate is the best prevention of acute pancreatitis in childhood.

Any serious disease in children necessarily combined with a backlog of physical development, which manifests itself in reduced growth and weight.

Of course, this is not about the fact that the child is the last in physical education and the parents would like it to be higher.

Problems with diagnosing

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in healthy people is a difficult but necessary issue.

For example, with ultrasound examination of the pancreas and / or liver, the functionalist observes an increased echogenicity of the pancreas( on the screen it looks much lighter than the liver) and sees this as one of the signs of stealing pancreatitis.

However, increased pancreatic echogenicity is considered a functional norm in adult men and women!

In this case, a patient who is likely to have had some digestive problems with ultrasound may conclude that he needs medical help, and an illiterate, unethical or simply unable to defend his or her opinion is able to begin to treat pancreatitis at least at home, andthen at the hospital.

Reinforced treatment can lead to problems even in a healthy body. This is an example of the above-described overdiagnosis where the functional norm or a slight deviation from it is given as a problem that must be urgently treated.

That's why you need 10, even 100 times to think, to weigh the pros and cons, to consult with different specialists before starting to treat a serious illness without serious reasons.

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But even if there are grounds and there are all the signs of an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas, it is important to conduct differential diagnosis, that is, to determine whether pancreatitis or other pathology with similar manifestations is exactly the case.

To do this, blood tests are performed - general and biochemical, urine and feces are examined, various hardware procedures are performed.

The choice of the diagnostic method depends on various conditions: symptoms, medical history, other possible diseases of the digestive tract and other related diseases, the patient's condition( for example, in women, one of these conditions is pregnancy), and so on.

There are many methods available to physicians:

• ultrasound;
• computed tomography;
• gastroscopy;
• manometry of the sphincter of Oddi;
• cholangiopancreatography( RCPG, MRCPG).

By agreeing to any examination, the patient or his loved ones should be aware that diagnostic procedures can also lead to negative consequences.

For example, one of the complications of RHCP is. .. pancreatitis!

Based on the results of the examination for pancreatitis, treatment is prescribed: a diet at home, medication in the hospital or even surgery.

Some features of the treatment of pancreatitis

Any classification of conditions of the pancreas, united under the common name of acute pancreatitis, makes it clear that their treatment is a rather complex issue.

For example, ICD-10 includes such varieties of the disease as "other types of acute pancreatitis" and "unspecified acute pancreatitis".

But in most cases, treatment can be successful only if the causes of pancreatitis are known, which can be completely or partially neutralized.

In any case, the treatment of acute pancreatitis is mainly symptomatic, that is, the doctor prescribes primarily drugs designed to remove or reduce those or other symptoms.

To remove an acute attack of an ailment pancreatitis on a hospital allows a strategy that includes three main points:

• complete rest;
• low temperature slows down the process, so cold is placed on the right side of the abdomen. This can be done at home, waiting for emergency medical assistance to arrive to prevent the main complication of acute pancreatitis - pancreatonecrosis;
• fasting - during the first days after the attack, food is not available in the usual way, only supportive injections are allowed.

Drug treatment of pancreatitis includes such medications:

• painkillers are needed because the attack of acute pancreatitis is accompanied by very severe pain;
• enzymatic intoxication of the body takes anti- enzyme preparations;
• preparations to reduce allergic reaction;
• hormonal drugs designed to suppress the production of pancreatic juice;
• preparations to reduce the acidity of gastric juice;
• is prescribed for insulin in the case of diabetes.

If conservative treatment of pancreatitis( medication) does not help, then surgery on the pancreas is possible.

This decision is made by the doctor if an attack of acute pancreatitis leads to serious complications: purulent lesion, peritonitis and others.

Video:

In any case, to treat pancreatitis is to relieve an acute attack or to stop the exacerbation of a chronic condition.

Cure the disease completely in most cases is impossible, except that we are talking about such conditions as reactive pancreatitis, when the gland is inflamed due to other diseases and the symptoms of pancreatitis pass after the treatment of the underlying disease is successfully completed.

In other cases, treatment has to be spent at home at home, the only way is to completely change the way of life, mainly - nutrition.