Suprastin: instructions for use, analogues
Suprastin is a very effective remedy for allergies.It belongs to the first generation of histamine H1 receptor blockers.
Active substance and dosage forms
The active ingredient of this drug is chloropyramine hydrochloride.Suprastin is produced by pharmaceutical companies in tablets and a solution for intravenous and / or intravenous administration.
The composition of 1 table.25 mg of the active ingredient, as well as additional components - lactose monohydrate( milk sugar), sodium carboxymethaccharide, stearic acid, etc. The tablets are packed in blisters( 10 and 20 each) or in dark glass bottles.
1 ampoule contains 20 mg of chloropyramine.It is diluted with water for injection up to 1 ml.Ampoules are supplied in boxes of 5 pcs.
When is Suprastin needed?
Among the indications are:
- allergy to medicines and food;
-
allergic rhinitis( rhinitis) and conjunctivitis; - serum sickness;
- allergic skin rashes;
- hypersensitivity reaction in bites of non-venous insects;
- skin itching;
- atopic dermatitis;
- contact dermatitis;
- Eczema.
Important: with a severe hypersensitivity reaction like Quinck's edema, the drug is given as an injection( the pills are used as an adjuvant).
When can I not use Suprastin?
Contraindications for taking tablets include:
- individual hypersensitivity to the main substance or auxiliary components;
- congenital lactase insufficiency, intolerance to milk sugar and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.
Contraindications for Injection:
- Substrate intolerance;
- exacerbation of peptic ulcer.
Note: is not recommended for women during the period of gestation and breastfeeding of the baby.In tableted form, it is contraindicated in newborns( permissible use from 3 years of age).
Special care should be taken when treating patients with prostatic hyperplasia, urinary retention and functional deficiency of the kidney and / or liver .Correction of dosage may be required for persons of elderly and senile age.
How to take Suprastin?
Suprastin is indicated for curative treatment.The duration of the course is determined by the attending physician depending on the nature of the disease, the severity of the clinical symptomatology and the general severity of the course.
Tablets are consumed orally during or immediately after ingestion. They do not need to be chewed, but should be washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid.
Single dose for adults = 25 mg;Multiplicity - 3-4 times during the day.
Children from 3 to 6 years of age are given ½ tab.twice a day.Patients from 6 to 14 years of age are prescribed ½ tablets( 12.5 mg) 2-3 times a day.
It is possible to gradually increase the dose to 2 mg per 1 kg of the patient's weight.
In severe cases, Suprastin is used as a solution;It is administered in / m only under the supervision of a doctor( daily dose = 1-2 ml).
For children, the dose for the IM is determined according to age:
- 1-12 months.- 0.25 ml;
- from 1 year to 6 years - 0.5 ml;
- 6-14 years - up to 1 ml.
Important: in particularly serious clinical situations, the solution is first injected intravenously( slowly).As they improve, they switch to I / m injections or take the pills inside.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Chloropyramamine blocks specific H1 receptors.The drug is characterized by antihistamine and m-holinoblokiruyuschim action, as well as moderate spasmolytic activity.
When receiving per os absorption of Suprastin in the digestive tract occurs quickly and in its entirety .The action begins after 15-30 minutes, and the maximum effect is fixed after 1 hour and lasts from 3 to 6 hours.
The substance is evenly distributed in body tissues and biological fluids.He freely passes the blood-brain and hematoplacental barriers.Biotransformation of the active substance takes place in the liver, and it is excreted through the kidneys.Excretion of the drug in children is much more intense.
Possible side effects of
Side effects rarely develop with suprastin therapy;They have a transient nature, and disappear without a trace after the end of the medication.
In laboratory blood analysis, hemolytic anemia and a decrease in the number of leukocytes are sometimes observed.
Possible undesirable effects also include:
- tremor( trembling of limbs);
- dizziness;
- cephalalgia;
- increased fatigue;
- drowsiness during the day;
- excitation;
- convulsions;
- temporary drop in visual acuity;
- heart palpitations;
- hypotension( lowering blood pressure);
- dry mouth;
- dyspepsia disorder;
- pain in the epigastric region( in the projection of the stomach);
- labored urination.
Important: should one or more of the above symptoms appear, immediately inform your doctor.It may be necessary to reduce the dosage or complete withdrawal of the drug.
Receiving Suprastin at night can trigger the reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus.
Overdose
In case of accidental exceeding of the allowable single or daily dose, the following symptoms may appear:
- movement coordination disorder( ataxia);
- pathological involuntary movements( athetosis);
- hallucinations;
- causeless sense of anxiety;
- convulsions.
In children, an overdose is manifested by reddening faces and nervous excitement. Pupils can be enlarged.Perhaps the development of sinus tachycardia.In some situations, the development of a coma can not be ruled out.
No special antidote has been developed at this time. In case of overdosage, gastric lavage( effective in the first 12 hours) is mandatory and enterosorbents are prescribed. Symptomatic therapy and continuous monitoring of vital functions are indicated.If a life-threatening condition develops, immediately begin resuscitation( ventilator and heart massage).
Interaction of Suprastin with other drugs
Means from the MAO inhibitor group( monoamine oxidase), in particular antidepressants, are capable of potentiating the action of Suprastin.
Chloro-pyramine hydrochloride enhances the effect of narcotic analgesics( opioids) and barbiturates.
Important: The should be discontinued several days before the allergy tests, because any antihistamines can distort their results.
The oppressive effect of Suprastin on the central nervous system disappears or decreases significantly against the background of a parallel consumption of caffeine.
Interaction Suprastin with alcohol
Suprastin has the property of increasing the effect of ethyl alcohol on the CNS.For the duration of course therapy from any alcohol( including medicinal tinctures) you need to refrain.
Specific guidance
A reduction in the usual dose is often indicated in patients with impaired renal activity because they are responsible for the excretion of chloro-pyramine hydrochloride.
To reduce the dosage is necessary for liver pathologies, as the process of biotransformation of chloropyramine can be slowed down.
Weak patients have a high risk of drowsiness and dizziness.
Suprastin is able to hide the signs of ototoxicity of individual pharmacological agents.
Since the antiallergic agent can provoke drowsiness and dizziness, you can not drive or engage in potentially hazardous activities.
Suprastin for pregnant and lactating women
It is extremely undesirable to take Suprastin in the early stages and the 9th month of pregnancy.If there is a need for therapy during lactation, the baby is transferred to artificial feeding, as the active substance freely penetrates into breast milk.
Storage rules
Please note: Suprastin in tablets is sold without a prescription.The drug in the form of a solution is dispensed only by prescription.
The medicine should be kept in a dark place shielded from light with a low level of humidity.Permissible storage temperature is from + 15 ° to + 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children!
Shelf life - 5 years from the date of issue( date is indicated on the package).
Analogues Suprastin
Among the suprastin analogues belong:
- Claritin;
- Fenistil;
- Tavegil;
- Loratadine;
- Zirtek;
- Cetrin.
In comparison with Tavegil, Suprastin is characterized by less nephro- and hepatotoxicity.
Note: with seasonal allergies is more likely to be given to Suprastinu!
Fenistil is somewhat weaker, but it can be prescribed to babies up to 3 years.
Zirtek is effective against skin itching, but does not always help to get rid of allergic rashes( hives).
Cetrin is the so-called.Generic Suprastin.
Claritin and Loratadin act similarly to Suprastin.
Important: in any case, the choice of a specific preparation is the task of the treating physician.
Vladimir Plisov, medical reviewer
