Hypertensive crisis: symptoms

The main symptom that indicates the onset of a hypertensive crisis is a sharp and serious increase in blood pressure. However, this symptom is not specific. There are cases when HA can occur against the background of normal pressure, so identifying the symptoms of this disease requires a broader approach.

The hypertensive crisis can be complicated and uncomplicated. Uncomplicated is characterized by the appearance of pulsating sharp pain in the head, accompanied by dizziness, the appearance of so-called "flies in the eyes."In addition, nausea and vomiting may occur. These symptoms appear due to a violation of local blood flow in the brain. The patient feels anxiety, can feel an incomprehensible excitement or an unreasonable feeling of fear, there is a fever and sweating grows. Then the patient can feel chills and cold in the limbs. In general, for this type of hypertensive crisis is characterized by the presence of such symptoms as cold sweat, shivering, chills, etc. Dyspnea may begin, there is a feeling that there is not enough air. Sometimes there may be pain in the heart. Red spots appear on the skin, especially on the neck, face or arms. A heart pulse is gaining momentum. Rapidly rising blood pressure.

If the conversation is about a complicated crisis, then, as a rule, it develops for a long time, sometimes up to several days. Signs of an upcoming complicated hypertensive crisis are such symptoms as drowsiness, heaviness in the head, ringing in the head. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, hearing and vision impairment, disruption in the work of consciousness, up to loss, severe pain in the heart, dyspnea, ortapnea. Dyspnea is most severe if the patient lies, but slightly weakens in other positions, for example, half-sitting.

Very often with complicated hypertensive crisis there are also such symptoms as numbness of tongue and lips, weakness in arms and legs, speech disorders. In some cases, the presence of a crisis can be determined by the appearance of the patient - it does not look like a healthy person, his skin is dry and cold, his face turns red with a bluish tinge. As a rule, with this type of hypertensive crisis, the pulse remains within the normal range. The pressure rises, but not so sharply as with uncomplicated crises. Most often, the symptoms of this type of crisis can be observed in the patient a few more days after the pressure returns to normal.

Also, in addition to the just considered division of hypertensive crises into two types( uncomplicated and complicated), physicians use classification of hypertensive crises according to how they manifest themselves clinically. In accordance with this classification, there are three types of hypertensive crises: edematic, neurovegetative and convulsive.

Symptoms that occur in the presence of a neurovegetative hypertensive crisis are most closely related to the effect on the body of a large amount of adrenaline in the blood. With this kind of crisis, the patient experiences a strong arousal, for which there are no apparent causes, constantly worries and worries, perhaps the appearance of a sense of fear. In some cases, the body temperature rises slightly, sweating increases, there is a shiver in the hands. The pressure in this case is increasing due to an increase in the upper( systolic) pressure.

The edematous type of hypertensive crisis is mainly found in women. The appearance of the crisis often provokes excessive consumption of large quantities of table salt and liquid. In this case, both the upper and lower pressures increase. As can be understood from the name of this type of hypertensive crisis, its main sign is swelling of the hands and face. Also common are such symptoms as drowsiness, weakness in the hands and feet, general inhibition of the patient.

The most rare and most dangerous type of hypertensive crisis is convulsive. It can occur with such a phenomenon as hypertensive encephalopathy, which is complicated by edema of the brain. This type of hypertensive crisis develops if the hypertensive disease is particularly severe and can lead to hemorrhage in the brain. The most common symptoms of this variant of the crisis are loss of consciousness and convulsions.