After what time does mushroom poisoning appear: first aid

Mushrooms are tasty and healthy food. They contain a large amount of vitamins and protein, therefore they are considered as an alternative to meat by vegetarians. Mushrooms increase immunity and prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but they can be dangerous and cause severe poisoning.

What mushrooms and in what doses can you poison

Despite all the benefits of mushrooms, it is a dangerous product. Mushroom poisoning is one of the most common causes, especially in the fall, when people are admitted to the hospital. There are types of poisonous mushrooms that camouflage (similar in appearance to edible ones). An inexperienced mushroom picker can easily get poisoned, but such a problem does not bypass the city dwellers who buy this product in the form of canned food - danger can also await you there.

Consider what mushrooms are poisonous and in what doses cause poisoning.

Poisonous mushrooms	Poisoning doses
Death cap	0.02-0.03 g (deadly)
Whitish talker	2-3 g
Amanita muscaria	1.5-2 g
False mushroom	5-10 g
Galerina bordered	7-10 g
Lepiota brown-red	3-5 g
Fiber patouillard (Inocybe patouillardii)	5-7 g

We did not mention the red fly agaric - the fact that this mushroom is poisonous is known to everyone from school. This is just a small list: there are more poisonous mushrooms in the world than edible ones.

If you are not sure what kind of mushroom it is, just bypass it.

How to distinguish poisonous fake mushrooms from edible ones

All summer and until October in the woods comes across false fox. The cap of a bright, saturated color sometimes turns into a copper-red. In shape, it is slightly concave inward, but it can also have a flat cap, the edges are even. Like chanterelles, it grows in a group, and always next to edible mushrooms. It is easy to distinguish it from an edible mushroom - it has a pronounced unpleasant odor. Poisoning is weak - it is necessary to wash the stomach.

Edible chanterelles have a light, closer to yellow tint. The hat is concave inward. The edges are uneven, wavy. Press down on the pulp - it should turn reddish. By itself, it is dense, while the pseudo-mushroom has a loose structure.

A real chanterelle is never affected by worms and parasites, which cannot be said about its poisonous counterpart.

False mushroom grows at the same time as the fake chanterelles. Incredibly similar to an edible relative. The hat has a convex shape and is pink to pale orange in color. It is always darker in the center than at the edges. Flesh with an unpleasant odor and bitter taste. Grows in groups, next to rotting wood. Causes severe poisoning, may be loss of consciousness.

Have edible mushroom there is a small ring on the stem - this is the main difference between mushrooms. Edibles have a low leg - up to 6 cm. Poisonous are higher, on average 10 cm.

Caustic russula similar to red. It is almost impossible to distinguish - only during the ripening of the spores, since the plates become a red-rusty hue. It tastes bitter and may cause a burning sensation in the mouth. Poisoning is similar to normal food poisoning.

False white mushroom. It has 2 types: bilious (the hue gives off pinkish, and there is a dark mesh on the leg) and satanic (it has the smell of rotten onions and a velvety hat, it goes more yellow).

The porcini mushroom has a light stem, dense and resilient. Smooth cap with a convex shape. In dry autumn, it may have a small mesh of "wrinkles". The leg and all the flesh are white, which cannot be said about poisonous false mushrooms.

If you went to pick mushrooms for the first time or are still completely new to this business, then for a start it is better to go to the forest with an experienced a mushroom picker who will teach you to distinguish between poisonous and edible mushrooms, or simply not take suspicious and unfamiliar mushrooms.

When symptoms appear

Each mushroom can have a certain symptom, and the time of exposure to the body is different for everyone. A lethal outcome after eating even a small piece of pale toadstool will happen in 30 minutes (in micro doses - from 4 hours), but there are mushrooms that cause poisoning within a few days.

Basically, the state of health worsens after half an hour, when toxins from the mushrooms enter the bloodstream and begin to act. Severe symptoms may appear in 1-5 hours.

The main signs of mushroom poisoning are as follows:

• thirst, weakness, dizziness, profuse sweating. The symptoms are blurred, a person can attribute them to fatigue and overwork, especially if he wandered in the forest for half a day. Often confused with other colds.
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The feces may contain blood impurities, a pungent and fetid odor. These symptoms can last up to 3 days.
• at the last stage, jaundice begins, toxins affect and destroy the internal organs. Coma is possible.

Each type of mushroom has its own symptoms in case of poisoning. When using fly agarics, the pupils narrow, the pulse becomes rare, the person is delirious.

Additionally, in case of poisoning with poisonous and inedible mushrooms, there may be convulsions, a decrease in temperature, an increase or decrease in the heart rate, hallucinations, abdominal pain, loss of consciousness, etc.

Poisoning with canned mushrooms

Pickled mushrooms have undergone a long processing, it seems that all bacteria and microbes should die, but this only happens in industrial plants. Making canned mushrooms on your own or buying in an unverified place, you can easily get severe poisoning.

At home, it is not always possible to create and maintain the required temperature for processing and sterilization. Botulism is an infection that develops in a space without air, which is great for pickled mushrooms. Unknowingly using not only poisonous, but also edible mushrooms can lead to this problem, especially if they are stored more than a year, poorly washed from soil and dirt, are at a temperature of 30 degrees and above, cooking was unclean hands. Symptoms appear after 2-3 hours.

Do not buy pickled mushrooms in unknown places, from strangers. Take only proven and well-known brands that are sold in stores. All sanitary standards are observed in production conditions.

Is it possible to get poisoned by edible mushrooms

Canned edible mushrooms can be dangerous. You can also poison yourself with toxins that appear when cooking at low temperatures. The porous structure of mushrooms absorbs all nearby useful and harmful substances.

Honey mushrooms well absorb all substances from the soil and accumulate toxins. They can only be collected in areas recognized as environmentally friendly. Fungi are especially dangerous if there are heavy metals in the soil. Poisoning can last a long time, until the complete elimination of toxic substances. The body is able to cope on its own, but in order to alleviate the patient's condition, medical attention is recommended.

Any edible mushrooms with mold are dangerous. It can appear with improper storage, high humidity in a warm room. In this case, immediately send the mushrooms to the trash bucket.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

First aid can save a person's life. There is no poison in edible mushrooms - only toxins cause mild poisoning, which disappears on its own in 1-2 days. To speed up the process, take 1 tablet of activated carbon per 10 kg of weight. It is allowed to replace it with polysorb, ecoflor, atoxil. You can clear your bowels with an enema or laxative.

In case of poisoning, it is forbidden to use medicines for vomiting and diarrhea: the body removes poisons and toxins, and if the process is stopped, they will continue to be absorbed into the blood.

Algorithm of actions for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms:

• call an ambulance at 103;
• provoke vomiting (a glass of water and 2 fingers in your mouth);
• perform a gastric lavage: drink 2 liters of water and induce vomiting again;
• make an enema or take fast-acting laxatives (rectal suppositories are better, so as not to burden the stomach);
• observe bed rest.

Even if after the events you feel better, do not refuse hospitalization - you may need restorative IVs.

Inpatient treatment

If the patient is conscious, the doctor takes an anamnesis. It is necessary to answer the questions about what mushrooms and when they ate, whether they took any medications, how much time passed, how they were prepared, etc. It is also necessary to preserve the half-eaten mushrooms - in some cases, an analysis is carried out to establish which mushroom caused the poisoning.

With prolonged and severe vomiting, droppers are prescribed to restore water balance and prevent dehydration. It can be glucose or sodium chloride (saline), sometimes vitamin C or group B is added.

To identify the complete picture of the disease, a general and biochemical blood test, urine is taken, an ECG is taken, possibly an ultrasound scan and other diagnostic methods.

In case of severe poisoning, the victim is taken immediately to the intensive care unit, where hypovolemic shock is prevented (glucocorticoids, lipoic acid, etc.). Measures are being actively carried out to prevent the development of renal and hepatic failure.

If the poisoning has occurred with a pale toadstool, chloramphenicol or antibiotics of the penicillin series are prescribed. They remove the phaloidins (substances contained in the poison of the mushroom) and amanitotoxins (found in the pale toadstool and some other poisonous mushrooms).

Also prescribed hemodialysis, blood transfusion, insulin and atropine if necessary.

In case of poisoning with any kind of fly agaric after first aid, the following treatment is prescribed.

1. 0.1% solution of atropine in a dose of 1-2 ml, injected subcutaneously or intravenously.
2. Forced diuresis - an increase in the volume of urine for faster elimination of poisons and toxins. Intravenous droppers (glucose, saline with electrolytes) in a volume of 500-1000 ml are placed, while a diuretic is injected every 3 hours. From 8 to 12 liters of liquid are injected per day.
   

   Forced diuresis

3. With fly agaric poisoning, the central nervous system is affected, a person can see hallucinations, delirium, and will be agitated. Convulsions, coma are possible. Physostigmine and proserin are prescribed. They carry out hemosorption of blood (chemical sorbents are introduced that attach poisons to themselves, thereby removing them from the bloodstream).
   

   Hemisorption of blood

4. With a sharp drop in pressure, norepinephrine is administered.
   

   Norepinephrine

5. If heart failure is observed - strophanthin or korglikon.
   

   Korglikon in ampoules

When all life-saving measures have been taken, bed rest and a strict diet are prescribed for 7-14 days, which will help restore the gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended to drink warm and plentiful (weak tea, fruit drinks and fruit drinks), low-fat broths and any cereals, but only on water.

What can be the consequences

The most dangerous consequence of mushroom poisoning is death. The liver and kidneys are also affected, and the heart muscle is affected. This can lead to kidney or liver failure, which will require an organ transplant.

Poisoning is especially dangerous during pregnancy, since poisons penetrate the placenta and can affect the development of the fetus, cause premature birth or miscarriage.

Mushrooms are delicious food that can be dangerous. Eat and collect only those that are familiar to you.

Never taste raw mushrooms. It can be eaten collected in clean and ecological areas away from roads, landfills and industrial plants. It is forbidden to store fresh mushrooms - they should be cooked as soon as possible.

Only you are responsible for your health!

Video - Mushroom poisoning