Methods of treatment of the periodontal pocket, features of development and diagnosis of the disease, dental advice

Periodontal disease is a very unpleasant and complex disease, accompanied by various complications, such as bleeding gums or loosening of the teeth.

The reason for the development of periodontal disease is simple enough, it is an infection.And the source of infection is most often precisely the dental plaque in which gram-negative bacteria and other microbes begin to multiply.The pathogenic zone formed on the surface of the tooth penetrates into the dental plaque, and then into the dentogingival furrow.

Causes of the disease

As a result of the formation of these dental deposits, or as they are also called dental calculi, the inflammatory process in the dental tissues and in the tissues of the gums begins.In the future, thanks to these bacteria, the connective tissue of the gums is damaged.As a result, most often forms periodontal pockets , or as they are also called dentogingival pocket.

If the depth of the periodontal pocket is not very deep, about 3 mm, then during daily hygiene it can be cleaned by yourself.But, if the depth of the periodontal pocket exceeds this depth, then it will hardly be possible to clean it with a toothbrush.As a result, deposits will accumulate until the inflammatory process begins.

Features of the development of the disease

Next occurs infection of epithelial cells, which, plunging into periodontium, begin to surround their pathogenic flora with the root of the tooth.At the same time, the inflammatory process continues to deepen, which subsequently leads to a decrease in bone tissue and makes the periodontal pocket even more.

The next step is the destruction of the connective-tissue ligament, which leads to the absorption of the cement itself.Damaged bone tissue is replaced with the epithelium , so the body tries to fight the pathological process and overgrow the affected area, but the result is only much worse.The cells of the epithelium can not hold the tooth in place.The walls of the gums fall already so low that the entire tooth is exposed already.And because the tooth does not hold, the tissues and gums are broken - the tooth falls out.

The formation of the periodontal pocket is fraught with its pathology, so in the case of generalized periodontitis this is fraught with a complete adentia.This means no teeth in both dentitions.In this case, recommends the orthopedic treatment of , when the missing teeth are replaced by removable and non-removable dentures.

In patients with inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, is often discomfort when eating , an unpleasant odor from the mouth and all this can be accompanied by tissue suppuration and, as a result, an abscess is formed.

Methods of treatment of the periodontal pocket

In order to cure the periodontal pocket, first you need to determine the degree of the disease, this will help the dentist.At the very beginning of the disease, when the inflammatory process is not yet very much started, can be treated with conservative therapy , that is, a treatment whose process is aimed at alleviating the symptoms of the disease.Conservative therapy in this case will include, if this treatment of periodontal disease:

• ultrasonic teeth cleaning.Having picked up the necessary parameters, the dentist with the help of an ultrasonic scaler acts on the tartar by radiation, destroying it, but at the same time very carefully and without violating the integrity of the gums;
• is further prescribed medication.A good antiseptic that is particularly popular with in the treatment of periodontitis is chlorhexidine.Its antiseptic and antibacterial properties in the treatment of periodontal disease are irreplaceable.A solution of this drug can rinse the mouth, and to improve the effect, you can apply the gel directly to the inflamed gum.

In the case of a more severe disease, additional treatment is prescribed, as a course of antibiotics.

After the treatment, in order to avoid the recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to carefully observe the hygiene of the oral cavity.If, after a while, again the symptoms of periodontitis, such as the blood from the gums, appearing during the brushing of the teeth, it is better not to delay seeking advice from the dentist.The cause of may not necessarily be periodontitis , but a poorly fitted crown and, if it is adjusted, all the symptoms will go away by themselves.

Curettage

There is also a surgical way to treat the periodontal pocket - this is curettage, which is used specifically to treat gums.With the help of it, you can treat not only periodontal disease, but also gingivitis.Gingivitis is also an inflammatory disease of the gums, but in this case, a violation of the integrity of the dentition does not occur.

The main indications for curettage are the following symptoms:

• pocket depth exceeding 3 mm;
• strong deposit of calculus on the gums;
• gingival inflammation, bleeding.

Many people confuse curettage with professional teeth cleaning.As a rule, professional cleaning of teeth is recommended to be carried out 2-3 times a year, it will effectively help to fight the appearance of caries in the future.With its help, you can get rid of tartar, from the color that gives tea, coffee and tobacco, returning to your teeth a healthy natural color and shine.Unlike professional cleaning, curettage not only helps to get rid of tartar and polishes teeth, but also removes the pathological tissues of the periodontal pocket.Depending on how severe the case is, the doctor determines how and how many times this procedure should be performed.

When the depth of the periodontal pocket does not exceed 5 mm, a closed curettage method should be performed.The doctor can still clean the pockets without surgery.In this case, the procedure is carried out in several stages and almost painless.At once it is necessary to conduct diagnostics , for definition of a stage of an inflammation.After diagnosis, an analgesic medication is introduced, which will help dull the pain with further procedure.

Direct cleaning of periodontal pockets is performed with the help of special dental instruments, while trying not to break the basic structure of the gums.After carrying out the basic cleaning, as a rule, do still polishing the roots.The method of closed curettage very well helps to remove pathological deposits and significantly reduces the depth of the periodontal pocket.

The method of open curettage is used when the depth of the pockets already exceeds 5 mm, or, for example, if the closed curettage procedure was not as effective as expected.Passes in several stages, as a rule, already with surgical intervention.Before the beginning of the procedure, as in the previous case, it is necessary to carry out the diagnosis of gums.When carrying out an open curettage, the should make an injection of anesthetics to anesthetize the desired area of ​​the gum.Then, with the help of surgical instruments, a cut is made to get to the pathological pocket, and with the help of special dental instruments the pocket is cleaned.

In order to stimulate the growth of damaged bone tissue, drugs that can play the role of a passive matrix for a new bone, or, more simply, osteogenic preparations, are applied to it.The operation is completed, as well as all with surgical intervention, sewing the cut gum.

Patchwork

There is another method of treatment for the removal of pathological pockets - a patchwork involving two vertical incisions on the gum.This operation is necessary in the event that the denudation of the root has already occurred.Accordingly, the root becomes very sensitive and begins to react to various external stimuli.To avoid this, many experts recommend that the tissue of be transplanted from the sky, to the place where part of the gum has been lost.It should be noted that not only is this useful for transplantation, but also because it excludes the appearance of deep periodontal pockets in this place.With the help of transplantation, the loosened tooth can again be fixed in the hole.

Prevention of recurrent disease

After all the measures taken to treat the periodontal pocket, always needs a visit to the dentist , after a certain time, which the doctor himself will determine based on the neglect of the disease.On this examination, the doctor will determine the success of the procedure and, if necessary, prescribe a second treatment.

Nowadays, considering all modern technologies, many dentists prefer to make curettage with the help of ultrasound equipment, then this procedure is less painful, more effective and conducted much faster than described above.And additional polishing of the root will help in the future to prevent the formation of tartar.Also, as a preventive measure, a course of treatment with antiseptic drugs can be prescribed.

Proper care and high-quality daily oral hygiene will help to avoid the formation of calculus on the root of the tooth and further treatment of pathological pockets.It will not be superfluous also to have professional teeth cleaning at least a couple of times a year in a dental clinic.