Nephropathy of newborns
Nephropathy - a variety of lesions of the parenchyma and glomerular apparatus in the kidneys.
The disease can have a different etiology, but is characterized by a general and particular disruption in the functioning of the kidney and urinary system. The main signs characterizing the disease are proteinuria, edema and, in some cases, increased pressure. Possible violations of the function of kidney filtration can eventually lead to serious renal failure with all the ensuing consequences.
In newborn infants, many diseases, including kidney diseases, do not occur in the same way as in older children or adults. This is due to the fact that many systems of the baby's body are not completely formed by the time of birth. This feature allows infection without any problems to penetrate and quickly progress, contributing to the development of sclerosis and necrosis in the tissues of the kidneys.
But at the same time, the tissues of the newborn's body have a high degree of plasticity and regeneration, and this, with early diagnosis of the disease and proper timely treatment, helps prevent harmful effects.
Factors contributing to the development of nephropathy in newborns
The pathogenesis of kidney disease, and in particular a disease such as nephropathy of newborns, is associated with massive infections and hypoxia. Similarly, damage to the urinary system can be caused by metabolic acidosis, toxic effects of drugs, shock, DIC syndrome.
Primary manifestation of the disease in newborns is determined for the most part:
- Morpho-functional immaturity of the kidneys;
- Dysbacteriosis;
- Genetic factors;
- Features of perinatal development;
- Immunogenetic dysfunction;
- Incorrect therapy of somatic diseases.
Studies of Russian doctors confirm the fact that in cases of complicated pregnancy and difficult births, as well as in the presence of somatic diseases in the mother and near relatives, nephropathy of newborns is manifested many times more often. There are several types of nephropathy in newborns:
- Acute renal failure
- Infectious infection of the urinary system
- Dismetabolic nephropathy( DN)
- Hypoxic nephropathy( HND)
- Renal infarction( AS)
- Interstitial nephritis( IN)
The most studied andAt the same time, the most frequent group of nephropathies are infectious inflammation of the urinary system.
It should be noted, however, that a burdened medical history is a risk factor not only for the development of this pathology, but for many others.
In neonates, nephropathy, although rare, still has an isolated character. This happens mostly after resuscitation. And the most vivid picture of them usually appears in children with gross kidney malformations. In this case, the first protruding symptoms are similar to that of the central nervous system, respiratory and heart failure.
In this regard, pediatricians should exercise increased caution, especially with newborns who have been given resuscitation methods so as not to miss the moment of onset of renal pathology and to conduct a timely nephrological examination in which new screening tests are widely used today.
It should be said that treating nephropathy itself is meaningless initially. The first step is to eliminate the cause of its appearance, the pathology that caused the development of this condition. Treatment is carried out exclusively in a hospital, because nephropathy of newborns is potentially dangerous for the life of the baby.
If the cause of the pathology can not be eliminated medically, then it is necessary to direct the treatment to eliminate edema, restore diuresis to the state of adequate and normalize the pressure.
Provided that the cause of the onset and development of nephropathy is established correctly, the severity of the disease is determined correctly and the treatment is started on time, the recovery prognosis is conditionally positive. At the same time, the work capacity is fully restored.
