Color blindness

Color blindness is an impaired ability to adequately perceive certain colors that are hereditary in nature, or caused by diseases of the retina or optic nerve. A retina is a layer of nerve cells that have the ability to perceive light and transmit further information received through the optic nerve to the brain. For the first time, color blindness was described by John Dalton in 1794, who himself suffered partial color blindness and did not distinguish red color( like his two brothers).According to statistical data, color blindness is observed in 0.5% of women and 8% of men. With daltonism, a person has lost the ability to distinguish between green, blue, and red( sometimes several at a time).On the retina there are three varieties of perceiving a certain( blue, green, red) color of conical cells. In the event of a violation of the activity or complete absence of conical cells of a certain type, the person's eye loses the ability to distinguish precisely the color for which they are responsible. The highest density of cone cells is observed in the central part of the retina, thus providing a bright color vision.

. Color blindness - causes of

development. In most cases, the genetic factors( congenital color blindness) are attributed to the reasons for the occurrence of color blindness, since the perception of color is observed from the very moment of birth. Much less common is acquired color blindness, which occurs due to natural aging processes, optic nerve diseases, eye injuries and other causes. The color vision problem is most common in male individuals.

Color blindness - signs and symptoms

Color blindness directly affects a person's quality of life. The color problem of vision affects not only the processes of reading and learning, but in the future it significantly narrows the possibilities of professional choice. Despite this, both adult patients and children are able to compensate for the inability to distinguish certain colors.

Symptoms of color blindness over time are able to change and different people can see absolutely different shades of colors. In most cases, people with color blindness do not distinguish between blue, green and red colors. With less serious problems a person can see yellow or blue. But in cases of the most serious disorders of color vision, people are not able to distinguish any colors at all and the surrounding world they see in black and white tones with various shades derived from gray.

In the case of a hereditary nature of color blindness, vision problems are simultaneously observed for both eyes. In the case of the acquired nature of the disorder, problems can be observed only in one eye. There are cases when one eye is affected more than the other. Hereditary pathologies of color vision are most often observed at birth and do not change with time in the course of time. Acquired pathologies on the contrary can be aggravated or altered for a sufficiently long time, due to age-related changes or the presence of certain diseases in a person.

Types of hereditary color blindness

There are four main types of color blindness:

→ Dichromasia .This problem manifests itself in the complete absence of any of the three types of shells of the cone. Most often, patients suffering from dichromasia can easily distinguish between yellow and blue flowers, but to determine the difference between green and red is more difficult for such people.

→ Anomalous trichromasia of .This condition is the most common pathology of color vision. It is observed in people who have all three types of conical shells, one of which has a lack of pigments for color perception. Those suffering from abnormal trichromasia see all the colors, only some( blue, red, green) they see in completely different shades than those who do not suffer from color perception disorder

→ Blue cone monochromasia .With this pathology of the three possible there are no two cone cones - green and red. This type of disease occurs exclusively in men. From all the diverse color spectrum, people with a blue cone monochromasia can distinguish only the blue color + its shades. People with this pathology can not see well enough at a distance. Small boys may have nystagmus( involuntary eye movements)

→ Achromatopsia( monochromasia of chopsticks of the retina) .With this type of color vision violation in humans, all three types of cone cones are missing. The presence of this pathology allows a person to see only shades of gray, white and black colors. In patients with this type of disease, other eye diseases are often detected, they are poorly seen at a distance, when reading they have enough fuzzy vision, there is a high sensitivity to light. Although this disorder is rare, it is the most serious of all

Acquired color blindness

The reasons for acquired color blindness include a number of different manifestations. One of the reasons for the development of this pathology include the age-related changes in which the crystallization of the lens takes place. Because of this process, people very badly distinguish between dark gray, dark green and dark blue. Sometimes the color perception can be disturbed by the effect of the side effects of certain medications. Such violations can be permanent or temporary. In addition, color blindness can provoke such eye diseases as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma. Restoration of the quality of visual functions is possible with the obligatory condition of timely qualitative treatment of the above diseases. Acquired color blindness can develop due to various injuries and injuries of the eyes( especially the retina)

Color blindness - treatment of

In the case of a hereditary nature of the problem of color vision, treatment or correction, modern medicine has not yet developed, but some problems of the acquired type are amenable to treatment, and in this case veryThe root cause of the development of the disease is important. For example, if due to cataracts there were problems of color perception, after its removal, color vision often returns to normal. People with light forms of color blindness eventually develop a strong habit of associating a certain color with an object. With some forms of color blindness, to correct color perception people are assigned to wear special glasses( can only correct some shades)

For confidence in adequate color perception, we suggest you pass Color blindness test