Nasal bleeding in children

Nasal bleeding can occur at any age. However, this problem is most often affected by children. With nasal bleeding, not only the kid is frightened, but also the parents. Most often, parents do not understand why this happens, so they immediately try to show the baby to the doctor. It is right. But sometimes the causes of nosebleeds do not pose any threat to the health of the child. In this article we will talk about why there are nosebleeds, and how to stop them.

Causes of nasal bleeding

Nasal bleeding occurs due to two main factors: either due to a disruption of normal blood clotting, or due to violations of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. Nasal bleeding can be independent, arising spontaneously. They can also appear after an injury. Doctors distinguish two causes of nasal bleeding: general and local. Let's look at each of these reasons in more detail:

Local causes of

Approximately 90% of all cases of nasal bleeding occur as a result of damage to the vessel walls. Especially often this happens if the vascular plexuses are located very close. In such cases, even the slightest effect on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity can lead to the appearance of severe bleeding.

Injuries due to which nasal bleeding may occur are diverse: severe injury to the nasal septum or nose, which can result from a fall or hit by the ball. Blood can go even from the fact that the child will pick his finger in the nose.

Also, the presence of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity can provoke the development of nasal bleeding. This problem is most relevant for young children, who very often try to put various foreign objects into the nozzle: buttons, beads, caps and the like. It is worth noting that kids often do not even talk about it to their parents, fearing that they will be punished. As a result, even the most insignificant effect on the spout results in injury to the nasal mucosa and then there is nasal bleeding.

This phenomenon may entail more serious consequences. If the foreign body will stay in the nasal cavity for a long time, then the inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the nose will develop. In a few hours, the baby will begin to get unstable bloody discharge from the nose with an admixture of pus. Such discharge will be accompanied by an unpleasant odor.

Nasal bleeding may also occur due to various tumors of the nose. In children, as a rule, there are benign formations that are removed quickly and without any complications. Also, various pathological anomalies in the anatomical structure of the nose can not only impede the breathing of the child, but also provoke the appearance of nasal bleeding. Very often, nasal bleeding is caused by such anomalies: the pathology of the development of the vascular system of the nasal mucosa, the curvature of the nasal septum and the like.

Some serious diseases, such as syphilis, diphtheria, tuberculosis and even chronic rhinitis, can lead to a change in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. This as a result will entail and other consequences, including the occurrence of nasal bleeding.

In rare cases, nosebleeds occur due to dry air in the room. The mucous membrane of the nose dries up and adheres to the walls of the blood vessels. Blood vessels lose their elasticity and strength. Because of this, the slightest impact( blowing, sneezing, coughing and so on) leads to the fact that the vessels burst.

Common causes of

There are many diseases that cause nasal bleeding of a general nature. Such diseases are, to some extent, associated with impaired vascular wall permeability or with clotting disorders.

The cause of nasal bleeding can be blood diseases such as hemophilia. In people who suffer from this disease, the blood is curtailed much worse than in healthy people. This is due to the fact that the blood lacks special enzymes, which are responsible for blood clotting. It should be noted that only boys are affected by hemophilia. However, girls are carriers of a defective gene.

Some infectious diseases greatly increase the permeability of the walls of the vessels and cause their inflammation. Such diseases include: measles, flu, rubella. Also to this phenomenon is the lack of vitamin C in the body. This pathology is also observed in those children who have various hereditary diseases that lead to a disruption of the normal structure of the vascular walls.

Often, various chronic liver diseases lead to nosebleeds: cirrhosis, hepatitis. Also, nasal bleeding can provoke and chronic inflammatory processes that occur in the nasal cavity or in the paranasal sinuses.

Increased blood pressure sometimes leads to nasal bleeding. To the reasons that provoke an increase in blood pressure, you can include: kidney disease, overheating, physical stress, hypertension and the like.

How to stop nasal bleeding in a child

Nasal bleeding can begin at any time, even during sleep. Therefore, parents can see blood stains on the pillow. Sometimes bleeding is one-sided, and sometimes bilateral. The intensity of bleeding is different, so sometimes, to stop the blood, you need to make a lot of effort.

• An influx of fresh air will help stop bleeding. It is necessary to unbutton clothes and open the window. The child must breathe not with his nose, but with his mouth. On the nose you need to put something cold - a piece of ice or a towel soaked in cold water. But the legs on the contrary, should be warm. Thanks to this, the flow of blood to the nose will decrease.
• Use vasoconstrictor drops. If the bleeding is permanent, the doctor will prescribe special drops for the nose.
• If bleeding is caused by the presence of a foreign body, then immediately you need to see a doctor. Do not try to get a foreign body yourself, so you will only harm your child.

The above measures will be sufficient if the nosebleeds are not strong. If the nosebleed is strong, and you can not stop it, then you should immediately call an ambulance. Before the doctor comes, the child needs first aid. Monitor the breathing and pulse of the baby, make sure that it does not choke with blood.

After the blood stops, the nasal cavity should be carefully lubricated with petrolatum oil. Use a cotton swab for this. With this, you prevent the drying out of the nasal mucosa. After a bleeding within a day the child should not engage in any physical exercises.

If bleeding occurs due to dry air, then the air must be constantly moistened. Buy a special humidifier. In the baby's nose, bury the preparations based on sea water.

If bleeding is systematic, be sure to consult a doctor. The doctor will prescribe a series of tests and examinations that will help to identify the cause of bleeding. Chronic bleeding is very dangerous to health. The baby's body will be depleted and iron deficiency anemia may occur.