Perinatal injury of the central nervous system

In recent years, more often newborns are exposed to such a diagnosis as perinatal damage in a child of the central nervous system. The diagnosis of such a plan unites a vast group of deviations of the brain and spinal cord, different for the reason and origin. Pathology can occur during pregnancy, childbirth and the first day of life of the baby. About what these dangerous pathologies are, and will be discussed below.

There are three main periods in the development of the medical profession. This is an acute period( 1st month), restorative( from the 2nd month to 1 year in full-term children and up to 2 years in premature infants) and the final outcome of the disease. In any of the periods, perinatal lesions differ in different clinical manifestations. Sometimes one child has a combination of several syndromes. By their severity, the severity of damage to the nervous system is determined, treatment is prescribed and future predictions are made.

The main types of lesions of the central nervous system

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In hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system, the main damaging factor is an acute lack of oxygen. In case of traumatic injuries, the damaging factor is the mechanical damage to the main tissues of the central system( spinal cord and brain) during childbirth and during the first minutes and hours of the child's life. With dismetabolic and toxic-metabolic perinatal lesions, the main factor is a metabolic disorder in a child in the primary intrauterine period. When the CNS is affected by infectious diseases, the virus has a harmful effect. Often doctors have to deal with a combination of several factors.

Symptoms and manifestations in the acute period of

With mild damage to the CNS, neonatal syndrome is most often marked with a syndrome of high neural reflex excitability. It manifests as flinches, hypertonicity, or, conversely, hypotonia of muscle tone. There is also a tremor( trembling) of the chin and all limbs, restless surface sleep, uncaused crying.

With an average lesion of the central nervous system in the first days in children and reduced motor activity, muscle tone, the reflex of newborns is weakened, including the reflexes of sucking and swallowing. At the end of the first month, the depression of the central nervous system begins to gradually disappear or to be replaced by increased excitement. The average degree of involvement of the central nervous system differs from the functioning of internal organs and basic systems. Also the child has uneven skin coloring, the rhythm of breathing and contractions of the heart, frequent constipation, regurgitation and flatulence are disturbed.

In children at the acute stage of the disease, the main signs of perinatal hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome appear. It is characterized by excessive accumulations of fluid in the brain containing the cerebrospinal fluid, which causes an increase in intracranial pressure. The main symptoms that parents may notice are a rapid increase in the circumference of the baby's head( more than 1 cm per week), a large size and bulging of the fontanelle, a visible discrepancy in the cranial sutures, a child's general anxiety, regurgitation, and quivering of the eyeballs.

Symptoms and manifestations in the recovery period

Prolonged muscle tone disruption leads to a delay in the child's development of psychomotor development. If development is delayed, the child later starts to hold the head, sit, walk independently. Poor facial expressions, the later appearance of a smile on the face, a diminished interest in toys, objects in his environment, a weak monotonous cry, and later the appearance of walking and babbling - this is what should alert the parents of the baby.

Outcomes of the disease

In most children, by the age of one year, the manifestations of perinatal deviations of the central nervous system gradually pass, sometimes only their minor manifestations remain. The most frequent consequences of perinatal lesions are delays in mental, motor or speech development, visible cerebroasthenic syndrome( manifested in mood swings, motor anxiety, anxious sleep, meteorological dependence).

May develop a syndrome of hyperactivity and attention deficit. This is a violation of the CNS, which is manifested by aggressiveness, excessive impulsiveness, problems with concentration and attention, inability to learn and remember information properly. The most unfavorable outcomes can be: epilepsy, infantile cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus.