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Varicocele in men: symptoms, causes, treatment

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Varicose veins, which form a groinlike plexus of the testicle, are classified in medicine as varicocele.Pathology can be diagnosed in men of any age group, but is most often detected in adolescents, at 14-15 years - the period of puberty.

The causes of varicocele The symptoms and degrees of varicocele Diagnostic measures Varicocele treatment Prevention of varicocele

The causes of varicocele

CB97VtrWAAAH-N3 Varicocele develops as a result of increased pressure in the veins of the testicle - this is due to the peculiarities of the anatomical location of the venous vessels in the testicles of the male.Due to the fact that the vein in the left testicle has features, the disease is most often diagnosed on the left.

Excessive physical exertion is considered as factors that can provoke an increase in the pressure of the testicle veins :

  • - they must be long, constant;
  • is a disease that provokes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure;
  • previously diagnosed thrombosis;
  • compression of renal veins.
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Symptoms and degrees of varicocele

The initial stage of the disease under consideration is most often asymptomatic.Young people pay attention to developing pathology only with the appearance of pain in the scrotum - first they appear periodically and are not intense, but as the varicocele develops, the pain syndrome acquires a constant and intense character.

In addition to the main symptom of the disease under consideration, is noted:

  • increase in testis;
  • spread of the pain syndrome to the entire groin area;
  • the descent of the scrotum from the side of the diseased testicle.

There are 3 degrees of varicocele( generally accepted classification according to Lopatkin NA)

:
  • 1 degree - vein expansion is only palpable when the patient is strained in standing position;
  • 2 degree - varicose is determined visually, but the size and consistency of the testicle is not changed;
  • 3 degree - pronounced dilatation of the veins of the groinlike plexus, the testicle is reduced, its consistency is changed.

Diagnostic measures

26-varicocele-and-spermogram As a rule, patients seek medical help when symptoms of the disease in question are very disturbing.And this is not the first or second degree of varicocele development.Usually a doctor at a primary examination of the patient reveals varicose veins of the testicle, but if in doubt, an ultrasound examination will be necessary.

A laboratory spermogram can be prescribed - this study will help determine the degree of testicular damage.

Ultrasound with varicocele is usually prescribed concomitantly with dopplerography - this allows to determine whether there is a transfer of blood back into the veins of the seed canal.

Treatment varicocele

This disease is very dangerous for men's health - it is because of varicose veins of the testicle that male infertility can develop.Therefore, treatment varicocele is not just possible to conduct, but it is absolutely necessary.

Note: no folk methods will help to get rid of varicose veins of the testicle - lotions, ointments and decoctions of medicinal plants are absolutely useless.

Doctors do not use therapeutic methods of treatment - varicocele requires surgical intervention.The only option when you can do without surgical removal of pathologically altered veins - varicocele is diagnosed in a man not of reproductive age, or he does not need the birth of children( for example, he already has offspring).

Varicocele can be performed in several ways: :

  1. Traditional open operation( interference with Ivanissevich).Carried out using local anesthesia.The oldest method of treatment, which is now considered ineffective.The doctor makes an incision of 3-5 cm in length, then begins work on the damaged vein - it is either bandaged or crossed.This operation is associated with an increased risk of recurrence( up to 40%).An updated version of the operation for Ivanissevich is the operation of Palomo( the vein in this case is bandaged in the retroperitoneal tissue).
  2. Operation Marmara.It is performed using local anesthesia. The most safe, effective and progressive type of treatment.The operation is similar to Ivanissevich's manipulation, but the incision is less in Marmara's operation, and it is located in the groin - 1 cm from the base of the penis, and not in the abdominal cavity.During the operation, no surgical instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity.Through a small incision in the inguinal region for the ligation of the testicle vein, the spermatic cord is excreted.This is the most sparing method of surgical treatment of varicocele: the rehabilitation period is reduced to the minimum possible( usually the patient is discharged for outpatient treatment after 2 days).
  3. 5308bca8ee257 Sclerotherapy of the veins of the spermatic cord( X-ray endovascular operation).The femoral vein is pierced in the groin, this catheter is inserted into this puncture, which is advanced into the inferior vena cava, then the catheter is moved to the left renal vein and then to the affected vessel.The patient's vein is filled with sclerosing substance, which ensures the cessation of blood flow through the affected vessel. The frequency of recurrences is high.This operation is recommended in the treatment of bilateral varicocele.
  4. Laparoscopic operation.The surgeon performs 3 small incisions in the abdominal cavity and inserts into them microscopic equipment with a camera and surgical instruments.In the operation, the veins and the artery of the testicle are isolated, titanium staples are placed on the veins or they are bandaged with a surgical thread.The operation is performed under general anesthesia.The duration of the operation is about 40 minutes.This is an effective and safe method.
  5. Microsurgical operation( microsurgical revascularization of the testicle).It is also considered to be a fairly effective type of treatment.The operation is under anesthesia.In the inguinal region, a small incision is made, through which the transplant of the testicular vein into the epigastric is performed, thereby restoring the blood circulation of the testicle.After this operation varicocele is not observed relapses and complications.

In general, all listed methods of surgical intervention are characterized by low blood loss and rapid recovery during the rehabilitation period.Patients are in the hospital for a very short time and then sent to an outpatient recovery.Complete recovery occurs only after 30 days.

Patients with varicocele after surgery should follow the following rules :

  • sex is excluded - this applies to all types of sex;
  • use of salt should be limited as much as possible, ideally - completely excluded from the diet;
  • in the diet should not be sharp seasonings and sauces;
  • physical activities are excluded.

In the postoperative period, there may be some complications that disappear completely after a short time.

After surgery for the varicocele, :

  • may be observed in the patient's lymphatic stasis in the testicles;
  • swelling of the entire scrotum or specifically of the testicle;
  • pain syndrome in the area of ​​the operated testicle;
  • edema of the egg.

Prevention of varicocele

To avoid the development of varicose veins of the testicle, the following recommendations of the should be adhered to:

  1. Avoid excessive physical exertion.This applies particularly to those men who are not athletes, but are forced to constantly engage in work related to power loads.
  2. Monitor overall health.It is necessary to react even to small disturbances in the work of the sexual or urinary system.If you have a history of diagnosed kidney disease, you should regularly be examined by specialists - you can not let the renal veins be squeezed.
  3. Avoid increasing intra-abdominal pressure.This applies only to those men who have pathologies that can theoretically provoke such a phenomenon.
  4. Timely treatment of thrombosis.

Varicocele is a fairly simple but also a dangerous disease.Ignoring the symptoms of varicose veins of the testicle and refusal of surgical treatment of varicocele can lead to infertility.But with timely diagnosis and correctly conducted treatment course in 98% of cases no complications are recorded.

About the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods varicocele tells the children's urologist:

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical reviewer, therapist of the highest qualification category
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