Duodenal ulcer( duodenal ulcer): types, causes, symptoms and treatment

Duodenal ulcer( DPC) refers to chronic diseases and is characterized by the formation of a ulcerative defect on the mucosa.The course of the disease is undulating with periods of remission, when symptoms are practically absent, and periods of exacerbation.Most often, duodenal ulcer is diagnosed simultaneously with a stomach ulcer - in this case it is a question of a combined pathology.

Table of contents: Classification Causes of duodenal ulcer disease Symptoms of duodenal ulcer Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Classification

In medicine, it is customary to classulate duodenal ulcer for several types.They all have their own characteristics and must be individually treated.

According to the frequency of exacerbations:

• ulcer DPC with rare exacerbations - the manifestation of acute symptoms does not occur more than 1 time in two years;
• duodenal ulcer with frequent manifestations - exacerbation occurs at least once a year.

The number of formed ulcers on the mucosa of the DPC:

• single;
• multiple.

In place of localization of defective formation:

• in the enlarged part of the duodenum - bulbous department;
• in postlukovychnom department.

According to the depth of involvement of the wall of the duodenum:

• deep ulcers;
• surface.

The state of the defective formation:

• active exacerbation stage;
• remission stage;
• scarring stage.

There are still differences in the types of duodenal ulcer DKD, depending on the cause of the pathology:

• hormonal ulcers - the disease developed against the background of long-term use of medications;
• shock ulcers - defective formation arose against the background of bruises, burns and any injuries;
• stress ulcers - develop against a background of stress, depression, strong psycho-emotional experiences.

Causes of duodenal ulcer

The main cause of the development of the disease in question are Helikobakter Pilori - pathogenic microorganisms that provoke the development of stomach ulcers.With a prolonged course of stomach ulcers, bacteria must fall on the mucosa of the DPC and an ulcer begins to form there.There are several factors that most often provoke the onset of duodenal ulcer, although this is not necessary. These include:

• chronic overwork, stress, constant irritation, depression, disturbances in the psychoemotional background;
• predisposition at the genetic level;
• increased acidity of gastric juice - it enters the DPC and irritates the mucosa;
• is an inflammatory process in the duodenum, which is chronic - duodenitis;
• significant decrease in immunity against the background of any other pathologies;
• long-term use of certain medications - for example, steroidal anti-inflammatory / non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents;
• eating disorder.

Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

If the disease is in remission, the patient does not bother, he leads a habitual way of life. In the case of an exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, the following symptoms can be expected:

1. Pain.This is the brightest and most constant sign of the disease under consideration.Localized pain is slightly above the navel, can radiate into the scapula and heart area - this leads to false diagnosis.The pain is unstable and often occurs in the evenings or at night - the so-called "hungry" pain.The time of pain syndrome development is 2-3 hours after eating.The greatest intensity of pain syndrome manifests itself in violation of diet, medication, alcohol.
2. Heartburn and eructation.They will not be too intense - many patients do not pay attention to these symptoms at all.
3. Bloating and nausea.The patient complains of too much fullness of the stomach, when even the most powerful drugs do not reduce flatulence.Nausea is not present all the time, but only after eating.
4. Vomiting.She immediately brings relief to the patient - the feeling of bloating of the abdomen disappears, pain passes.Some patients voluntarily cause vomiting.
5. Disturbances in the digestive system.It's about constipation - the act of defecation may be absent for a long time, up to a week.Often in the stool, an admixture of blood and dense mucus is found.
6. Violations in the psycho-emotional plane - a person becomes irritable, he is disturbed by insomnia.
7. Weight reduction.This symptom is in any case, despite the patient's excellent appetite.

Duodenal ulcer is characterized by an exact seasonality - in the summer and winter months, there are no manifestations of this pathology at all, but the peak of visits of doctors about the above symptoms occurs in the spring and autumn.

Diagnosis of ulcer DPC

Despite the severity of symptoms, the diagnosis of the disease should be performed by a doctor. As part of diagnostic activities, the following procedures are performed:

1. Anamnesis of the disease.The patient learns how often pains occur, with which they can be related( for example, with food or physical exertion), which helps to get rid of the pain.
2. Anamnesis of life.It is necessary to find out which pathologies were diagnosed earlier, whether someone from the relatives had ulcerative duodenal ulcer, whether the patient has duodenitis.
3. Laboratory tests:
   • general blood and urine tests;
   • stool analysis;
   • biochemical blood test;
   • analysis of gastric juice - the level of acidity is determined.
4. Instrumental studies:
   • is mandatory for the patient to carry out PHAGS - this helps the doctor to see the condition of the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach, take a small piece of mucosa for examination in terms of histology( the nature of defective formation is determined - malignant / benign);
   • ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Treatment of the disease in question will be long, and a sparing diet will have to be observed for a lifetime.Although not all so sad - doctors warn about the possibility of making zigzag food: during periods of exacerbation, food is maximally restricted and represents the most sparing diet, and with prolonged remission it is allowed to eat even harmful foods.

Diet for duodenal ulcer

For diagnosed duodenal ulcer, you should know which foods increase the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

• carbonated and alcoholic beverages;
• spicy condiments, spices and any, even quite spicy, sauces;
• fried food( even vegetables and fish);
• coffee and strong tea;
• meat, fish and mushroom soups from the primary broth( rich);
• black bread and dough.

The listed products should be removed from the diet not only during periods of exacerbation, but even with prolonged remission. Preferred:

• milk and vegetable soups;
• boiled meat and fish of low-fat varieties;
• white stale bread baking;
• cereal cereals.

The mucous membrane of both the stomach and duodenum irritates vegetables with indigestible fiber - white cabbage, radish, radish, asparagus, beans, peas, corn.Big harm can cause meat cartilage, fruit with a hard skin and too dense pulp, baked products from a flour of a rough grinding.

Patients with a diagnosed duodenal ulcer need to remember several important rules of dietary nutrition:

• per day should be at least 5 meals;
• portions should be small - for example, with a saucer;
• should not eat too hot or very cold food - the ideal temperature regime is 25-30 degrees;
• and can reduce the use of salt, if possible and completely abandon it;
• it is desirable to eat food with grated food, and during periods of exacerbation it is a prerequisite;
• fruits and berries can only eat absolutely ripe and with a soft peel;
• it is necessary to dilute sweet juices( for example, raspberry, peach, strawberry) with water.

When peptic ulcer disease worsens, doctors prescribe the most sparing diet - the diet includes only grated cereal, meat soufflé and meatballs / cutlets for steaming, fish for a couple.Vegetables and fruits during this period are excluded, and as a drink it is better to use broth of wild rose.

Duodenal ulcer: treatment with medicines

Drugs most often patients with ulcer DPC are taken during periods of exacerbation.The medicines include:

• antacids - they reduce the level of acidity of gastric juice;
• antisecretory drugs - able to reduce the amount of secreted gastric juice;
• antibacterial agents( antibiotics) - for the destruction of pathogens / microorganisms.

Duration of treatment for exacerbation of duodenal ulcer DPC is 2-5 weeks, most often this time patients are in hospital.If the patient complains of severe pain, then he may be prescribed antispasmodics( for example, no-shpa), and in the case of prolonged constipation, laxatives or enema.

Folk treatment of duodenal ulcer

Traditional medicine has several recipes that significantly alleviate the condition of the patient even during periods of peptic ulcer disease exacerbation.But it is important to understand that they are not a panacea and can not become a guarantor of the introduction of pathology into the stage of remission or complete recovery.

Important : Before using any of the drugs from the category of traditional medicine, you should consult your doctor.

Traditional medicine used in the treatment of duodenal ulcer:

1. Med.It can simply be eaten every day in its pure form - it will already be of use.But it is better to mix honey and olive oil in equal proportions( for example, 500 ml) and store in a refrigerator.Half an hour before meals, you need to eat a tablespoon of medicine - these methods will be 5-6 per day.Duration of treatment is 14 days, then a break for 10 days and the course can be repeated.
2. Seeds of plantain.They need to be brewed in steep boiling water( 10 g of plantain seeds per 100 ml of water), leave to infuse for half an hour.Take the drug should be a tablespoon an hour before meals - per day, there may be a maximum of 3 such methods.
3. Propolis.It is necessary to take 150 g of this product, chop it as much as possible and pour 1 kg of melted butter.Mix everything thoroughly until the propolis dissolves completely( if necessary, you can do it in a water bath) and take 1 teaspoon one hour before meals three times a day.Duration of treatment - 30 days, then you need to take a break for 3 weeks.The medicine is stored in the refrigerator.
4. Herbal collection.It is very useful in case of duodenal ulcer to drink herbal preparations.For example, you can do the following:
   • licorice root + chamomile + spurish ordinary + fennel seeds.All components are taken in equal proportions, and then a tablespoon of the mixture is poured with steep boiling water( 250 ml), infused for 20 minutes.Scheme of admission: 200 ml of ready-made broth in the morning and in the evening.Duration of treatment 20 days;
   • root of dandelion + root of elecampane + shepherd's bag + chicory - everything is taken in equal quantities.Take a tablespoon of the collection and pour cold water in a volume of 400 ml, leave for an hour.Then take the product and boil it for 10 minutes.Strain, it should be consumed before each meal 2 tablespoons, at least 3 times a day;
   • wheat grass creeping + dandelion root + buckthorn bark - everything is taken in equal quantities.Then, a tablespoon of the collection is poured into a glass of boiling water and infused for 8 hours.You should take ½ cup at night, and to improve the taste of the infusion, you can add honey or sugar to it.

Possible complications

Usually the prognosis for the development of peptic ulcer of the duodenum is favorable - it not only can be introduced into long-term remission, but also brought to the stage of scarring. If the medical assistance for the disease in question did not turn out, then this leads to serious consequences:

• bleeding from the duodenum - characterized by vomiting "coffee grounds", very dark and tarry stool, loss of consciousness;
• perforation of the ulcerative defect( rupture of the wall of the duodenum at the site of the ulcer) - characterized by acute dagger pains, nausea, vomiting and strained abdominal muscles;
• peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum as a consequence of perforation of ulcerative formation;
• development of duodenitis of a chronic nature( inflammatory process in PDK);
• cicatricial narrowing of the duodenum;
• malignancy is the growth of a malignant tumor in the gut.

Duodenal ulcer is often diagnosed as a disease.Pathology requires an extremely careful attitude to yourself, because even a short-term violation of the diet, and even during periods of exacerbation, can lead to rapid development of complications.And in fact perforation of ulcerative formation, growth of a malignant tumor and bleeding from a duodenum can lead to a lethal outcome.

More detailed information about the stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer( causes, symptoms and methods of treatment) is described in the video review:

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical reviewer, therapeutist of the highest qualification category.