Pyelonephritis symptoms treatment
Pyelonephritis - an inflammatory disease of tubulointerstitial tissues of the kidneys and upper urinary tract, which has an infectious nature. In women, this disease occurs up to six times more often than men, due to the structural features of their body. However, in the elderly, there is a significant increase in the incidence of this disease in men, which is associated with abnormal urodynamics arising from urolithiasis or prostatic hypertrophy.
Pyelonephritis is considered quite a dangerous disease, as it often proceeds asymptomatically, without disturbing the general health of a person, and therefore is the most common nonspecific disease of the upper urinary tract, which accounts for about 30% of all urological diseases.
In most cases, the causative agents of the inflammatory process in the kidney are staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penetration of the infectious pathogens into the kidney is most often associated with the transfer of urine into the kidneys due to a crowded bladder, difficulty urine outflow, structural anomalies, increased intravesical pressure, increased prostate gland or stones. In its current, pyelonephritis is classified as chronic and acute.
Acute pyelonephritis
In most cases, it suddenly appears: a sharp increase in body temperature is observed up to 39-40 ° C, headache, general weakness, sweating begins profusely, nausea and vomiting may occur. Simultaneously with the rise in temperature, usually one-sided lumbar pains appear, of a blunt character and of varying intensity. In the first days of the course of the disease, there may be an increased content of nitrogenous slags in the blood, and in urine - a large number of bacteria, red blood cells, protein and pus. Urination in uncomplicated P. form is not disrupted.
Chronic pyelonephritis
In most cases it is a consequence of not completely cured acute pyelonephritis, when acute inflammation was removed, but it failed to finally destroy all pathogens in the kidney, and restore normal urine outflow. Chronic P. is often found when measuring blood pressure or when examining urine. Patients complain of general weakness, lack of appetite, headache, there is frequent urination, there may be constant dull aching pain in the lumbar region( especially in cold or wet weather).The skin becomes dry and pale. As the disease progresses, hypertension is often detected and the specific gravity of urine decreases. Further progression of bilateral pancreatitis may lead to the development of renal insufficiency
Causes of pyelonephritis
This disease affects people of any age, however is most often affected by them:
- Children under seven years of age whose occurrence of this disease is associated with the peculiarities of the anatomical development of
- GirlsAnd women from the age of eighteen to thirty, in whom the development of P. is directly related to pregnancy and childbirth, and the onset of sexual activity
- Older men who have sexadayut BPH
also the most common causes of pyelonephritis are conditions and diseases in which disrupted the normal outflow of urine from the kidney: frequent attacks of renal colic and urolithiasis.
The following factors can contribute to the development of PI: chronic inflammatory diseases, acute cystitis, the presence of stones and salts in the kidneys, diabetes mellitus and a decrease in overall body immunity
Treatment of pyelonephritis
Acute form of the disease
Treatment is performed in a hospital setting where bed restAnd copious drink. Food should be high-calorie, but with a significant decrease in extractive substances. The consumption of salt should be moderate, within ten grams per day, a copious drink of about 2.5 liters per day. It is necessary to use in any form cranberries and cowberries, which promote the cultivation and acidification of urine, as a result of unfavorable conditions for bacterial flora, which contributes to its removal from the body.
In addition to non-pharmacological methods of treatment, with acute pyelonephritis antibacterial drugs are immediately prescribed. In the case of obstruction, the first priority is to restore the normal passage of urine.
Antibiotic therapy is administered exclusively individually and is based on the sensitivity of the selected pathogen. The course of its conduct is about ten to fifteen days. In cases where the causative agent remains unknown - the therapy is chosen empirically( in the absence of a positive effect after four and a half hours, a revision of the diagnosis or a change of drugs is necessary).In the case of concomitant high fever, detoxification solutions and antipyretics are prescribed. To relieve pain and improve the outflow of urine used antispasmodics.
Chronic form of the disease
Treatment of chronic AP directly depends on the current stage of the disease. During periods of exacerbation, tactics are no different from treating acute forms of this disease. During the remission period, the treatment is aimed at the prevention of relapses and includes repeated courses of taking antibacterial drugs( monthly for half a year, ten-day courses with a change of preparations), as well as phytotherapy
Prevention of pyelonephritis
Prevention of the prevention of this disease includes:
- Timely elimination of causes, capable of causing a violation of urodynamics
- Rehabilitation of foci of infection
- Application of various methods and means to increase the overall immunityeta organism
- Prevention of infection of the urinary tract
- In case of established diseases already mandatory to conduct prevention of exacerbations
Another article on this subject:
1. Cystitis 2. Polycystic kidney