Treatment and rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury

One of the most common and severe forms of damage to the nervous system is a traumatic brain injury. Victims often become temporarily disabled or disabled for life. Therefore, in addition to treatment, rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury is very important.

In complex treatment, each method performs its tasks. The goals of the treatment are the elimination of the consequences of trauma, the prevention of complications. The tasks of recovery include: strengthening the general condition, eliminating muscle weakness, adjusting to physical stress.

Treatment of the head after CCT

Before treating a traumatic brain injury, the severity of the patient's condition and tissue damage is revealed. There are open and closed injuries to the skull. In turn, open trauma is penetrating and non-penetrating. Closed injuries include bruises and concussions. In each case, patients are prescribed treatment.

When shaking patients shows rest, bed rest for up to three days. If there are no complications, the patient is observed in an outpatient hospital for up to 6 days. Medical treatment of the head after an injury is reduced to the appointment of anesthetics, sedatives and hypnotics, multivitamins, antihistamines.

Patients enter a solution of glucose with ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, diphenhydramine. Under stressful situations, the patient is prescribed tranquilizers. Even with mild trauma, it is recommended to carry out therapy with vasoactive drugs( Cavinton, Nootropil, Actovegin, Gingko Biloba, Cerebrolysin).When suspected of more severe brain damage, a spinal function is indicated. In the hospital, the patient is treated for about 2 weeks. Rehabilitation also takes place within 2 weeks. The patient's ability to work is restored in a month.

If the brain contusion before treatment, localization of focal lesions is detected with the help of MRI and CT.Patients are prescribed the same as with a concussion. Therapies include decongestants and drugs that improve blood flow.

In case of detection of small focal hemorrhages in the patient, the following are included in the therapy tasks:

• elimination of edema;
• improvement of blood circulation;
• increase in energy supply to the brain;
• improvement of metabolic processes in the brain tissues.

Patients are prescribed medications for head injury, which effectively cope with the tasks assigned. Severe bruises with destruction of the brain tissue are treated according to the same principles as bruises of medium severity, but with the inclusion of intensive therapy. If the patient is in serious condition, artificial ventilation is indicated. If the patient has a brain pressure in the course of a trauma, the following treatment measures are carried out:

• surgical intervention with increasing compression;
• Restore airway patency( intubation, ventilation of the lungs on the ventilator);
• prophylaxis of intracranial pressure( Manitol, Lasix);
• analgesia( Analgin);
• control of fever( Amidopyrin);
• intensive infusion therapy( intravenously up to 3-4 liters of solution);
• prescription of nootropic drugs;
• carrying out spinal punctures for the purpose of sanation of the cerebrospinal fluid.

When treating a brain injury, if the patient is in serious condition, prevention of pneumonia is very important. Patients with mechanical ventilation are shown to repair the trachea using proteolytic enzymes( Trypsin).Patients are in the hospital until the doctors recover acute disorders of the nervous system. In severe cases, patients are given a disability.

Methods of patient recovery

Rehabilitation after a head injury is divided into periods. At an early stage, which lasts up to 5 days, limit all physical activity. Severe patients are shown exercises with the help of a massage therapist or rehabilitologist. The subsequent period lasts about a month. The complex introduces breathing exercises, massage and independent movements.

Tip! The main place is occupied by independent exercises for restoring muscular endurance and breathing exercises.

During the recovery phase, patients are taught standing and walking. Patients learn to re-distribute the correct mass of the body on both legs, to move the legs again. Rehabilitologists emphasize the restoration of the vestibular apparatus. Patients perform tilting and turning their head.

In the remaining rehabilitation period, the patients perform the exercise on the simulators. To restore the domestic skills shown by occupational therapy, massage. The goal of rehabilitation measures is to restore blood supply in the paretic muscles.

Thanks to adequate treatment and rehabilitation, recovery after a head injury is much more effective and faster. Patients with a disability return to domestic or labor processes, quickly restore their personal properties after severe injuries and adapt to new living conditions.