The causes of micropenis in males of all ages

Micropenis: causes and treatment of disease

Micropenis - reproductive organ in males, reaching a length of no more than 2-4 cm. One of the reasons micropenis - is hormonal disorders during fetal development, hypoplasia of the testes and corpus cavernosum. Some experts talk about the causes of micropenis as symptoms of congenital genetic disorders (eg, a complex of 46 XX, 47XXV), on the basis of pathological completeness.

Hormonal disorders are a common cause of the disease.

Micro and small - what is the difference?

Microfoam (micropenis) should not be confused with a different concept of "small penis". On Micropenis say in the case where the size below the average standard deviation of 2.5, which is characteristic for a specific age interval.

In Russia, the average size of the penis in men erect up to 14 cm (minimum 9.5 cm). What it is already less - a small penis. There is another concept of "false micropenis" - it is common in men with a strong obesity, when due to the overhang of fat folds of the visual impression of the shortened term.

etiological factors

The reasons for micropenis - in the impact of various factors:

• Endogenous: insufficient production of male sex hormones, or the wrong of their mechanism of action.
• Exogenous: toksikofaktory acting on the body of the future mother.

If micropenis - is a congenital abnormality, it can only help a man in a surgical correction. If the reason is the endocrine factors, in some cases it is possible to carry out a hormonal treatment and to "grow" the penis to manageable sizes. It should be remembered that micropenis - is the concern only specialist.

Member of the man begins to grow in the womb, and the final development reaches to 17-25 years. Its size depends on the level of testosterone, the basis of anomalies (micropenis) is just his lack of size in a vast time span of 13 weeks of pregnancy to women 17 years of age teenager.

One version of the pathology is the presence of a genetic disorder in the chromosomes, resulting in r. H. to be overweight.

In forming the basis micropenis (cause) is:

a) primary (Down syndrome, Noonan, Cornelia de Lange Robinova, Klinefelter);

b) secondary (Prader-Willi syndrome, Kalman, hyperprolactinemia, Laurence-Moon-Biedl isolated deficiency of FSH, LH, uremia).

• Idiopathic pathology.
• Resistance to androgens.
• Admission hydantoins mother during childbearing.

As a man feels "inside"?

Micropenis is considered the most serious pathology in the lives of men, as strikes at the very innermost.

It makes a boy, and then the teenager avoid companies and the opposite sex out of a sense of otherness.

Some time ago to help these patients was almost impossible, but the level of modern surgery allows for treatment and correct the "mistake of nature".

Related article: Androgyny - diagnosis and treatment

In men with micropenis, rare homosexual, 2/3 ripe boys masturbate, their sexual fantasies also extremely varied. Even in adulthood, due to the reduced amount of hormones is observed sexual apathy, some owners deliberately shun micropenis women, feeling of inferiority own.

Previously it was believed that men with micropenis, often prone to mental disorders and can be (to some extent) are dangerous to society.

Modern studies have not confirmed this, perhaps, the reason lies in the fact that they are from an early age accustomed to intrinsic defects and the lack of normal sexual life successfully compensate for activity and achievements in other fields life.

Possible treatment options

In the treatment of micropenis use two options to fully help to improve the quality and intimate physiological life of the man.

Treatment with hormones

The course of treatment should only appoint a doctor, depending on the possible causes, pathology stage and patient age.

With timely diagnosis of micropenis eliminate using hormone therapy. penis depends on the level of testosterone in the male body, in some (but small) extent - on the growth hormone. The role of these hormones in the treatment of conditions micropenis substantially limited natural hormone deficiency.

In children, treatment with testosterone is not carried out, as This causes a number of complications in adult men, testosterone is sometimes "acts" in the opposite direction. The young men testosterone treatment is prescribed only to those who have diagnosed hypogonadism after puberty member is no longer growing and the use of hormones is not rational.

Surgical methods of "growth"

If there is no sense in the hormone therapy is prescribed surgery. Surgical treatment will achieve the following results:

• Increasing the length and thickness of the penis.
• ED treatment.
• Troubleshoot problems with urination.
• Normalization of the intimate life of men.

Successful ones can be considered surgery, which will increase the penis by more than 2-3 cm. Although in practice such achievements are very rare. In addition, even in the erection of such a member will not be able to lengthen.

A source: http://EgoSila.ru/narushenija/anomalii/mikropenis

micropenis syndrome: causes and treatment | men's business

Date: 05.10.20175 1000Sindrom micropenis - rare pathology when the penis - is very small, that inhibits psychologically. Increase the body without injections and plastic surgery can be a means of Titan gel. When manhood size are not up to the usual indicators - they make up in length and 5 cm.

This term takes on terminology, "cutting the ear" - micropenis. Mass discomfort, physical imperfection is guaranteed to those who leave such a diagnosis without a change, instead of choosing an effective way of treatment. To get rid of wrinkle increase the level of testosterone in the blood, as well as enjoy special preparation Titan Gel.

Detect abnormalities and deliver the correct diagnosis is possible when measuring the length and thickness of the penis. If a variation in size account for more than 2.5 times the average - is micropenis anomaly syndrome. It is based on the pituitary dysfunction in medicine known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and panhypopituitarism.

Approximately two out of 10 000 men suffer from this type of disease, which is found in early childhood, almost immediately after birth. The beginnings of the syndrome can be revealed after the 12th week of pregnancy, special investigations. The main reason for its development is considered to be a genetic mutation of the DNA.

If left untreated, the disease affects quality of life, especially during adolescence.

What if this diagnosis?

Micropenis a child can easily be confused with pubertal obese. Symptoms of both deviations must be clearly differentiated. To carry out a full diagnosis in practice can only be an experienced professional.

Too massive suprapubic fat, as well as the consequences of circumcision or injury can cause the erroneous view of the actual state of health. Under any circumstances, treatment should start with taking drugs that increase the levels of testosterone.

Dimensions micropenis dials a confident dynamics and simultaneously increasing the volume in the treatment of testicular hormonal drugs. Despite a number of possible side effects from the use thereof:

• The intensity of growth of body hair.
• Increased pigmentation.
• Occasional vomiting or dizziness.

However, these symptoms are considered individually. The deteriorating state of health as a result of receiving these drugs should be reported to your doctor. If hormone therapy does more harm than good - a specialist without hesitation it cancels.

treatments

Who wishes to get rid of the disease and increase the size of the penis, the following objectives:

• Allow natural urination in a standing position.
• Normalize sex life.
• Improve their self-esteem.

One way of initial assistance deemed dose intramuscular injection of testosterone. Further treatments micropenis will be much more effective in conjunction with hormonal therapy.

Carry out injections recommended when the pathology is only detected, but there are cases of using this method of adult men. Every 3 weeks on 25 mg of the drug is enough to reveal the results of progress in a few months.

Minimum risk of complications, but the injection can trigger accelerated growth of muscle and bone tissue.

Adequate reaction to testosterone - increase in members from 2 to 3.5 cm for 4-6 months.

If penis size after injection in the treatment or the use of external ointments does not reach normal values, in most cases resort to surgery.

The operation is very risky: 100% positive results do not give even the most experienced surgeons. The practice of carrying out originates from the end of the 70s.

The causes of the disease

The true causes of micropenis carries heredity, but doctors are hard at the conclusion of the findings, considering the following changes in the body's fertile ground for the development of pathology:

• Hypothalamic, primary ovarian failure.
• Hypogonadism due to pituitary disorders of the bone marrow.
• Vices pituitary dysplasia legs.
• Primary testicular, idiopathic failure.

For medical terms hides a banal imbalance of testosterone synthesis. She accompanies this process enzymes revealed endocrinological examination types. The reliability of the data is supported by the ultrasonic diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging or chromosome analysis to confirm the human karyotype.

A quick way to treat

Cream with 5% content of testosterone proved to be effective in children and adults. Daily dermal absorption of the drug stimulates the secretion of growth hormone.

As a result, it is logical to observe not only an increase in the bones, but also the penis. The earlier recourse to treatment - even better: thanks to this method provides the necessary concentration of androgen receptors of the penis.

Following the results of micropenis in males exposed to natural phallic increase.

In prepubertal patients with androgen insensitivity is advisable to use DHT gel Androgel or 3 times during the day.

For a short time (about a month) penis is gaining significant amount, then it is recommended to make a break. However, care must be taken when applied to skin agents, because of possible irritation due to the content of 96% m ethanol.

Better to choose a penis enlargement gel with natural ingredients, totally safe for health.

Gel for penis enlargement gel Titan

Creams and ointments that improve testosterone and penis enlargement have long become the most accessible and popular way to achieve the desired effect. The risk of side effects during operation gives a greater feasibility of the use of special funds for external use, the lead of which is the Titan gel.

Firmly established itself as a drug that enhances the potency, and penis facilitates greater amount, the gel will become an irreplaceable assistant at reducing symptoms micropenis syndrome, as well as coping with all the consequences associated with this negative phenomenon. The method of application, the composition and utility Titan gel with extracts of medicinal plants can be found in more detail here.

A source: https://MuzhskieDela.ru/urologiya/polovoy-chlen/sindrom-mikropenisa-u-muzhchin/

Small penis

Small penis - the male sexual organ, having stretched or erect length of less than 9.5 cm. The term "micropenis" denoted penis having at maximum tensile size 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age norm.

The presence of a small penis and micropenis negative effect on men's self-esteem, and in some cases - and on the reproductive function, prevent the conduct of a full sexual life. Diagnostics possible causes abnormalities performed by a urologist, andrologist and includes the study of the hormonal profile, ultrasound of the penis and scrotum.

Increasing small penis sizes possible using methods phalloplasty (penis elongation ligamentotomii, penile implant, etc.).

Small penis syndrome is a collective term conditions in which due to the size penis is disrupted reproductive function of men and normal sexual life becomes impossible. Micropenis called pathology, which is the result of endocrine disorders during embryogenesis, in other cases of small penis talk about underdevelopment of the body.

Russian men have an average penis size in erection is 14 cm, and the lower limit of normal is considered to be the penis with a length of 9.5 cm. That is, the penis less than 9.5 cm are called small penis.

A true small penis should not be confused with the concept of "false micropenis" - the latter condition occurs in obese men, whose visual shortening of the penis is determined due to overhanging skin and fat folds.

The reasons for the small penis

If the size of the penis in a stretched state by 2.5 standard deviations below the average size, characteristic of a specific age, such a state comes under the concept of micropenis, or microfoam.

Today we know more than 20 birth defects, which are characterized by the production violation sex hormones, and as a result cause a clinical picture of a small penis, and in some cases - infertility. Revealed an annual incidence of about one case per hundred newborn boys, but the true figure is slightly higher.

In some of the boys this syndrome is not diagnosed due to the fact that doctors clinics do not have the necessary qualification, and therefore are only able to highlight those cases of small penis syndrome, which have a clear clinical manifestations.

In order to detect all cases, you must inspect the boy as a pediatrician, and at andrologist-endocrinologist, as if Small penis syndrome diagnosed before 14 years of age, treatment is more effective than treatment begun in puberty.

Boys aged 3-4 years who have been Kallmann syndrome, fall under the attention of the doctor-urologist because of cryptorchidism; in this disease testes do not descend into the scrotum and are in the abdominal cavity.

of testicular descent into the scrotum operation, which ends the treatment is insufficient, since Kallmann syndrome broken formation pituitary cells, which are responsible for the synthesis of hormones that stimulate the production of testosterone, at a later age it becomes a cause of the low sex syndrome member. And at the age of 18-25 years, this problem arises particularly bright, as the young man notices a difference in the development of reproductive organs in themselves and their peers, and the treatment of small penis syndrome is associated with large difficulties. Gradually formed an inferiority complex: boys become closed, narrow circle of friends, refuse to go to gyms and swimming pools. Young men with small penis syndrome avoided acquaintances and any communication with the girls, try to choose a profession that does not require frequent verbal contact with people. Seclusion and deepest part of the depression often cause organic lesions of the psyche, and then need help psychiatrists.

Klinefelter's syndrome gene mutation occurs in the genetic pool has an extra chromosome, which is responsible for the formation of female sexual characteristics.

Men with Klinefelter's syndrome are usually asthenic physique, narrow shoulders and small penis syndrome, which is manifested hypoplasia of the scrotum and the small size of the penis.

In this case, insufficient length of the penis is the result of hormonal regulation in adolescence and childhood periods. Reproductive function can not be broken, although some of the patients have problems conceiving children.

The majority of patients with the syndrome of Klinefelter syndrome is not considered a disease of small sexual member, so It believed that a small penis - is an individual feature, so there is no reason to refer to andrologist.

It is important to timely diagnose this syndrome because the treatment is started at an early age the most effective, besides the boy had not experienced any trauma.

Therefore, in addition to the inspection pediatrician must be mandatory testing of boys and a urologist.

Since the treatment of small penis syndrome in older age need to conduct operations to increase penis and lasting social rehabilitation.

Diagnosis and assigning correction, we must remember that the size of the penis depends on the stimulation of testosterone, as well as genetic factors.

To evaluate the size of the penis in children is much more difficult, since it is necessary to take into account the age category, testicular size and other anthropometric data. For early diagnosis of possible problems with the reproductive system, the child must be periodically inspected at andrologist.

Self diagnostics using tabular data can lead to the fact that a correction will have to spend longer in older age.

Surgical lengthening of the penis by its dimensions shown in the quiescent state less than 4 cm. and erect at least 7 cm. In this case, men with larger sizes, so it is possible to carry out surgical lengthening of the penis.

The main indications for operations to increase the penis are Peyronie's disease, cavernous fibrosis, post-traumatic decrease penis and micropenis. In addition, there are functional disorders, such as hidden and rectal penis.

Surgical intervention has been shown and, if desired, alter the appearance of the patient's penis while the penis is carried plastic and aesthetic correction.

The goal of any surgical intervention - to improve the quality of life of the patient. Penile dysmorphophobia when the patient under normal penis size, not satisfied with his appearance or size, is not a contraindication for surgery. In contrast, after a minor plastic surgery the patient is completely freed from the complex and discomfort.

For the correction of small penis syndrome resort to techniques that combine the lengthening of the penis using ekstenzionnogo system, hormonal therapy and plastic surgery. The earlier treatment is started, the greater its effectiveness; after the correction of small penis syndrome, psychological problems take place without the intervention of psychologists and psychiatrists.

But in the treatment of small penis important to restore as an opportunity to lead a normal sex life and reproductive function in men. If treatment is started in childhood, the ability to have children is preserved, as the testes still retain the ability of spermatogenesis. The best results gives impulse hormone therapy.

That is, the possibility of which has a modern andrology, not only able to fully correct small penis syndrome, with preservation of reproductive function, but also to change the appearance of the penis. In this case, after the entire complex treatment of social rehabilitation is almost not required.

A source: http://www.krasotaimedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_andrology/small-penis

Micropenis: what it is and whether you can handle it?

micropenis It is a pathological condition in which the penis size is too small to lead a normal sexual life. Contrary to popular belief, micropenis - is not a small penis. Sign of equality between these phenomena can not be placed.

According to research by urologists both in Russia and in European countries, the normal length of the penis varies from 10 to 17 centimeters. But the smaller size has not yet been said about the micro-foam. Described state is observed when the indicators deviate from the norm by 2-3 times.

Accordingly, we are talking about the length of 2-5 cm or less.

Micropenis - pathology, in which the male penis size is from 2 to 5 cm

Probable causes of pathology

two groups of reasons for the formation of pathology can be identified.

Congenital

First - congenital factors. Micro-foam is almost always congenital in nature.

Accordingly, in this case the primary and direct cause - abnormalities of fetal development. There are plenty of factorAdversely affecting the sexual development of the fetus:

• Poisoning mother toxic substances. If a woman living in regions with a high content of heavy metals in the environment, or working in hazardous environments, it increases the risk of developmental disorders in boys.
• Excessive production of estrogens during gestation.
• Lack of testosterone mother's body.

acquired

The second group of factors - acquired. The peak of puberty and, consequently, the growth of the penis, to the period from 13 to 18 years (with minor deviations in both directions). At this time, a great role is played by male sex hormones - androgens.

All changes in the sexual sphere are taking place under their influence. Lack of androgen production leads to underdevelopment of the external genitalia. These factors (which may be called exogenous) is much more dangerous and difficult amenable to correction. Often, we are talking about the system hypogonadism.

In this case, in addition to the microfoam observed secondary infertility.

Forms microfoam

In medicine, isolated two forms of describes the state:

1. True microfoam. Diagnosed when the penis length does not exceed 5 cm. In urological practice is a relatively rare condition. 8000 healthy boys 1 suffers from this pathology.
2. False microfoam. It is seen in adults obese patients when the normal length of the penis is hidden in the pubic fat. In this case, there is no disease.

disease manifestations

Oligospermia - a disease characterized by deficient sperm to fertilize an egg

Manifestations primarily external. The penis looks unnaturally short. In neeregirovannom state it can be a normal option. The measurements are carried out only in a state of erection. If the micro-foam developed over a lifetime, with a lack of work gonads, note the following related symptoms:

• testicles underdevelopment. They also look small. The scrotum is flattened, it may be deformed.
• Obesity is on the female type (the fat is deposited in the chest, thighs, buttocks).
• Gynecomastia (an increase in mammary glands).
• Oligospermia. Reducing the number of sperm and their complete absence.

Pathological symptoms varies from patient to patient.

diagnostic measures

Micropenis diagnosis involved physicians, urologists and endocrinologists. At the initial consultation is conducted a survey of the patient or his parents' medical history.

Great diagnostic importance is the fact of endocrine pathologies, brain tumors, diseases of the male reproductive organs. The diagnosis does not cause problems. Enough even a cursory visual inspection.

Much more difficult to establish the root cause of the condition. Meanwhile, it is necessary to make - on the starting factor dependent treatment strategy.

If it is determined that the micro-foam is not innate, carry out the following objective need research:

• A blood test for hormones. It is particularly important to identify the concentration of LH, testosterone, prolactin.
• X-ray of the skull. Changed ephippium evidence in favor of the likely brain pathologies.
• MRI chiasmosellar area. Very likely the bulk of education sella and the bottom of the third ventricle: glioma, germinomas, cysts, pituitary adenoma. During the proliferation of formations there is compression of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Accordingly, there is hypopituitarism, which leads to secondary hypogonadism.
• Ultrasound examination of the testicles (more here). It allows you to determine the size and structure of the testicle.

Passage of these studies are needed. Without establishing the root causes of microfoam effective treatment impossible.

Treatment

Endocrinology and urology offer two treatment strategies.

conservative therapy

The first - conservative. If the condition is caused by hypogonadism, requires normalization of hormonal levels (testosterone is responsible for the size of the penis, because therapy is conducted with its application). Unfortunately, an effective therapy is possible only in the early stages.

It is important to accurately podgadat moment. Treatment should only be carried out after the beginning of puberty. If it will start earlier - perhaps precocious puberty. In this case, the state micro-foam is only secured.

If late - very likely the opposite effect (the penis will become even less).

Read on:

In the absence of effect of conservative treatment shown surgery. However, in most cases it can increase penis only neeregirovannom state.

Surgery

Operative technique:

• Ligamentotomiya. Considered acceptable elongation of the body is 10-15 mm.
• Suprapubic lipectomy. It allows visually enlarge the penis.

Typically, both methods are used in combination. Most that can count the patient - Penis Enlargement 2-3 cm at rest. Unfortunately, the length remains the same in the state of erection. Operations are increasingly cosmetic.

At the same time, patients with widespread micro-foam have problems with urination. This is due to improper structure of the barrel member and the deformation of the urethral canal. Often, surgery is not so much aesthetic as anatomical target, but the increase in body length - again.

It is very important to explain this to the patient, so as not to deceive his expectations.

Children micropenis is always innate. Conservative treatment is contraindicated. Necessary to carry out an aesthetic surgery.

complications intervention

Complications are relatively rare. Among them:

• urination disorders;
• decrease in the length of the penis.

The psychological state of patients

Those with the condition described in the majority of cases develop penile dysmorphophobia. Such patients are ashamed of their bodies, they feel defective, inferior. This is just the least that happens to such patients.

There may be more severe psychiatric problems: disease is a stressful factors.

In order to normalize the patient's psycho-emotional background is a systematic psychotherapy with the use of Erickson hypnosis, cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Micro-foam - a condition precluding normal sexual activity and significantly reduces the quality of life. Effective treatment does not exist. At least to some extent affect the problem can be only at puberty. The patient is important to learn to live with this disease and to take itself.

Recommended viewing:

A source: http://MenQuestions.ru/urologiya/mikropenis.html

Hypoplasia of the testicles in men

Hypoplasia of the testicles - a pathological condition in which the child has the underdevelopment of one or both testicles. Sometimes this occurs cryptorchidism - a condition in which the scrotum drops only one testicle.

Due to the physiological characteristics usually occurs right liver pathology. Hypoplasia - a birth defect. The pathology of the testes in men arise due to the fact that the mother's body during pregnancy exposed to negative factors. hypoplasia treatment is not carried out, but there are methods for correcting the hormonal levels of the body.

What is hypoplasia of the testicles?

Hypoplasia - a pathological condition in which the male remains underdeveloped one or two eggs. Dimensions underdeveloped body less than the physiological norm, and usually no more than 4 cm in diameter.

The most common pathology is one-sided, and in boys develops hypoplasia of the left testicle, or the right testicle, but can be and underdevelopment of both bodies.

Hypoplasia of the testicles leads to the fact that underdeveloped body is not able to fully perform their functions.

Symptoms and signs of hypoplasia

Hypoplasia of the testicles in men manifests itself as follows:

• disrupted the formation of sperm;
• impaired production of male sex hormone testosterone.

If there is a loss in men only one (right or left) testis, the hormonal Failure is expressed softly, as fully developed organ will take over secretion testosterone.

In this case, special treatment is not required, and a man can live a full life and have children.

However, if the defect hit both bodies, in these boys, and then men develop symptoms of testosterone deficiency:

• decreased libido;
• problems with potency;
• absence or flattening of secondary sexual characteristics;
• lack of sperm production.

As a man with testicular hypoplasia is fruitless, as he in the testes do not form a complete and viable sperm.

Pathology of one testicle is often asymptomatic and is detected in boys or men accidentally during routine medical examination. The main symptom of the disease - the body size is smaller than the existing physiological norms.

The causes of disease

Testicular hypoplasia is a congenital disease. It develops on the background of violations of the fetus inside the mother's womb, or for genetic reasons.

The main causes of hypoplastic:

1. Heredity. Probability of disease is higher if hypoplasia develops in the other men in the family.
2. The impact of negative factors on the development of the fetus in the womb:

• smoking, alcohol and drugs;
• taking certain medicinal drugs;
• irradiation, solarium, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
• insufficient and unbalanced diet;
• infectious diseases, particularly viral infections and diseases, sexually transmitted diseases.

diagnosis of the disease

Hypoplasia of the testes diagnosed by examination by a doctor with a simple palpation and measurement of body size.

However, in some cases, the patient develops cryptorchidism hypoplasia parallel - a condition in which one egg does not drop into the scrotum, and remains in the inguinal canal or abdomen.

If a child is revealed cryptorchidism, he was appointed US research and laparoscopy. In the course of these studies can be found hypoplasia of the testis, which is not dropped.

In most cases the disease is diagnosed even in children. However, sometimes revealing hypoplasia occurs in older boys or adult men in the course of routine medical examinations for very different reasons.

The consequences of the disease and the risk

Hypoplasia of the testicles is often manifested in the inability of men to have children.
Another danger of the disease is a potential for malignant transformation of immature body. As a result, the patient may develop cancer.

Another consequence of the disease is the psychological discomfort of knowing the inability to have children or defective functioning of the testes.

treatment of the disease

hypoplasia treatment impossible. No methods of traditional medicine or folk remedies, which would cause an increase in the defective organ and normalizing its functions.

If the child develops hypoplasia of one testicle, treatment is not necessary. Healthy body performs the functions of testosterone secretion and sperm production.

If the child develops a defect of both testicles, the lack of testosterone lead to violations of puberty, physical and psychological development. In this case, traditional medicine provides hormone therapy.

Also conduct therapy aimed at preventing the development of cancer process. To do this, it is important to conduct regular cytology to quickly identify the onset of malignant transformation eggs and proper treatment.

Thus, symptomatic treatment of pathological conditions associated with hypoplasia, but not the disease.

Folk remedies for infertility

Traditional medicine offers the tools and drugs that are used in the fight against male infertility. Such means can be used in one testicle hypoplasia, to increase the likelihood of conceiving a child.

1. psyllium seeds. To 1 cup of water take 1 tbsp. l. seeds, brought to a boil and simmered for 5 minutes. Insist 1 hour, and filtered. Use 2 tablespoons. l. decoction three times a day.
2. Shilajit. 0.2 g mumie dissolved in 1 cup of carrot juice, sea buckthorn or blueberry. Use 1 cup of the drug three times a day. The treatment lasts a month.
3. Adams root. 2 hours. l. chopped herb of this plant is brewed in a glass of boiling water. Insist in a thermos 2 hours then filtered. Drink 1 tbsp. l. decoction three times a day.
4. Adonis. 1 tbsp. l. dried herbs pour a glass of boiling water and insist 2 hours, then filter. Decoction drink during the day for a few sips.
5. Hawthorn. 3 tbsp. l. dried hawthorn pour 500 ml of water and soaked in a thermos 1 hr. The infusion filter and take ½ cup 3 times a day.
6. Elder flowers. Infusion of elderberry color can be used instead of tea. In 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. l. dried flowers.
7. Herbal. In an equal volume of mixed leaves of white mulberry, walnut, pine young shoots and Icelandic moss. In 1 cup boiling water 2 tbsp. l. this collection and add 1 hour. l. flax seeds. Tomyat mixture in a water bath for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. Drink broth instead of tea. The taste can be added lemon and honey.
8. Astragalus root. 200 ml of water take 30 g minced root and simmered until the liquid volume is reduced by 2 times, then cooled and filtered. This decoction drink once a day.

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Hypoplasia of the testes - the essence of the problem, causes, symptoms, effects, treatments and prevention

Testes (testicles) - an important part of the reproductive males, which is the system responsible for the production of sex hormones and sperm. For androgen deficiency can result in a number of pathologies. One of them - hypoplasia of the testes.

The essence of the problem

In the embryonic period eggs develop in the abdominal cavity, and then descend into the scrotum. As a rule, it happens before birth or within two days after birth.

The man has two testicles, each located in a respective pouch in the scrotum. Diameter healthy testicle has from 5 to 7 cm.

Insufficient development of one or both testicles called hypoplasia. It is a congenital abnormality that develops under the influence of negative factors on the mother. Size underdeveloped testis is less than 4 cm in diameter.

The pathology occurs in a one-sided or double-sided form:

1. Unilateral hypoplasia. Hypoplasia of the right or left testicle. The second is developing without pathologies, and has a normal size and shape. Sometimes a healthy body can be slightly increased in size due to the double burden, because it performs functions and for the sick. In rare cases, the pathology is accompanied by a decrease in testosterone levels. The cases of serious reproductive disorders and hormonal levels are extremely rare.
2. Bilateral hypoplasia. Both testicles are underdeveloped. In this case, there is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious problem of men's health. The pathology of this form is always accompanied by a pronounced hormonal disorders and problems with the reproductive system. In some cases, the disease is accompanied Klinefelter syndrome - the presence of excess X-chromosome.

Important!When hypoplasia vestigial organ not fully perform its functions.

Signs and symptoms of testicular hypoplasia

Pathology in men manifests itself as follows:

• disturbed testosterone;
• disrupted sperm formation process.

When defeat one testicle hormone deficiency faintly expressed, since testosterone secretion assumes the healthy body. In this case, a man can lead a full life and have offspring, without the need for special treatment.

Men with this form of hypoplasia are infertile. as in the testicles can not produce viable sperm.

Unilateral hypoplasia, usually asymptomatic and diagnosed only during a routine medical examination.

Attention!The main symptom of disease - body size smaller than normal.

pathology Causes

Testicular hypoplasia congenital disease, which occurs on the background of violations of fetal development or genetic reasons.

Causes of disease:

• heredity. The probability of malformations increases if the pathology observed in other men in the family;
• the impact of negative factors on the fetus during pregnancy.

These factors include:

• disease and infection. sexually transmitted;
• hormonally active tumor in the mother;
• drug use. smoking and alcoholism;
• hormonal drugs to women during pregnancy;
• unbalanced and malnutrition;
• Autoimmune destruction of testicular tissue glands, or trophic disorders;
• frequent solarium, irradiation;
• disorders of the central nervous system of the child during a difficult birth.

Often pathology combined with hypoplasia of the other organs of the endocrine system, such as the thyroid gland.

The consequences of testicular hypoplasia

Hypoplasia - a serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences.

Among them are:

1. Male infertility. The testicles are formed and mature sperm. Any disorder or pathological process abnormality affects the quantity and quality of sperm. In unilateral hypoplasia do not worry, because the main function is performed by a healthy body. This is enough for fertilization. Bilateral hypoplasia leads to complete infertility, since both bodies do not function.
2. Testosterone deficiency. Leads to a decrease in potency, lack of libido and male secondary sex characteristics. The affected organ is disrupted sperm production.
3. Atrophy and degeneration of the testicles. Over time, if left untreated pathology, it can lead to atrophy of the testicles, which adds to the problems of physical and psychological terms.
4. Oncology. In some cases, may provoke hypoplasia development of benign or malignant tumors.

pathology diagnostics

Hypoplasia of the testes is diagnosed when examination by a doctor, during which pay attention to such indicators:

• the amount and size of the scrotum;
• the condition of the breast;
• the size of the penis;
• approximate volume of the gonads;
• the presence of sagging and folding of the scrotum;
• the size and symmetry of the testicles;
• other secondary sexual characteristics.

Hypoplasia patient may develop in parallel cryptorchidism - wherein the egg remains in the abdominal or inguinal canal, and does not fall into the scrotum. In such cases, prescribe ultrasound study and laparoscopy.

In genetic diseases the definitions chromosomes method. Adult men appointed semen analysis and blood tests for the amount of sex hormones.

Treatment of testicular hypoplasia

The method of treatment is prescribed depending on the form of the disease.

unilateral hypoplasia

In this form of treatment is not carried out, but is recommended to carry out regular preventive check-ups and monitor the general condition of men's health. complications prevention methods include:

• annual visit to the urologist and endocrinologist in order to timely detect possible progression;
• diet correction;
• timely treatment of inflammation of the genitourinary system;
• strengthening the immune system;
• rejection of bad habits.

Bilateral hypoplasia

When this pathology applied several therapies.

hormone therapy

This method is the most successful for patients with bilateral hypoplasia. preparations of testosterone and duration assigns only a specialist. Calculate the dose for each patient individually.

Important!Take medications alone is strictly forbidden.

Hormone replacement therapy is prescribed courses either on an ongoing basis.

Surgical intervention

By this method is resorted to only in extreme cases: in order to get rid of the cancer or to correct a cosmetic defect. The operation involves the removal of one or both testicles. After the operation is assigned to hormone therapy

To eliminate cosmetic defects following techniques are used:

• transplantation of the donor organ;
• prosthetics;
• plastic material to correct the appearance of the scrotum.

Parallel to hold consultations and treatment and a therapist if necessary.

Infertility treatment and cryopreservation

In some cases, hypoplasia can give complication in the form teratozoospermic. At this pathology in the ejaculate contains a low percentage of healthy, active sperm. One of the treatment options - therapy with chorionic gonadotropin. This drug increases the number of normal sperm. Then, using cryopreservation procedures, active sperm frozen.

Preventive measures for testicular hypoplasia

There are preventive measures that avoid the complications of the disease:

• avoid of negative factors during pregnancy;
• timely treat inflammation of the genitourinary system;
• Do not use for the newborn close underwear and diapers;
• enhance immunity;
• Observe good personal hygiene of the child;
• Avoid genital organs injuries.

Regular check-ups allow time to diagnose the disease and to choose an effective method of treatment.

Radevich Igor Tadeushevich doctor sexologist-andrologist Family Planning Center

A source: http://MyHome23.ru/852