Details of the causes, symptoms and treatment of renal failure in men

Renal failure in men is a serious pathology, in which the kidneys in one way or another stop performing their basic functions: processing and excretion of urine. This leads to violations in the work of the entire body - blood ceases to be purified, acid-base balance is disturbed, electrolytes and nitrogen are exchanged.

The manifestation of pathologies of the kidney.

Causes of renal failure

Causes are usually found in the kidney itself, or are associated with the mehanOr a violation of the outflow of urine or an insufficient supply of blood to the kidney. Depending on the factors, renal failure may develop rapidly( acute renal failure) or increase gradually( chronic renal failure).

1. Acute renal failure, as a rule, occurs against a background of a severe, intensively developing pathological process in the body. It can be poisoning with poisons( snake bites, chemical toxins, drugs), severe infections, sudden cardiovascular disorder( collapse, shock) or progressive inflammation of the kidney( acute glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis).
2. Chronic renal failure develops gradually, against the backdrop of the kidney itself( chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis), or external causes leading to hydronephrosis( edema of the kidney), with a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration and urine production.

Symptoms of renal failure

Acute form of

One of the first symptoms is a decrease in the outflow of urine( in some cases - complete cessation).

Appears quickly, sometimes suddenly. Against the background of the symptoms of the main acute process, the amount of urine that is separated is significantly reduced, sometimes until complete cessation. The pallor of the skin grows, inhibition and weakness appear. The patient strongly vomits, there is vomiting, abdominal pain, heart rhythm disturbances. Sometimes, bleeding from the stomach or intestines joins. These manifestations are due to the growing poisoning of the body with nitrogen and other metabolic products.

A general blood test shows an increasing anemia. As a rule, due to the attachment of infection against the background of a decrease in immunity, the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation( ESR) increases and the picture of the leukocyte formula changes( first leukocytosis with a shift to the left, then leukopenia, with progression of the condition).The urine darkens, the amount of protein in it grows. In the biochemical analysis of blood, residual nitrogen, urea accumulates, creatinine increases, and the level of electrolytes varies( potassium, sodium).

Chronic form

In the chronic variant of renal failure, the functional activity of the kidneys decreases gradually. As the disease progresses, the affected parts of the kidneys are replaced by a connective tissue, which leads, ultimately, to the formation of the so-called wrinkled kidney. The remaining sites for a while perform the functions of glomerular filtration. This period can drag on for months and even for several years. The timing largely depends on the underlying disease affecting the kidneys and the timeliness of the treatment.

At the very beginning, you may see:

• 

  In chronic form, fatigue and weakness are present.

  gradually increasing weakness;

• fatigue during normal physical activity;
• decreased appetite;
• appearance of dry skin and tongue;
• persistent nausea may be accompanied by periodic vomiting, which does not bring relief to the patient;
• is characterized by muscle flabbiness;
• gray-yellow shade of skin;
• trembling of fingers and hands.

If the disease is not treated, then

• central nervous system disorders can be attached;
• lethargy, apathy and inhibition can be replaced by psychoemotional arousal;
• behavioral inadequacy;
• memory corruption;
• drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night.

Diagnosis and determination of the process stage

The main laboratory sign of impaired renal function is the detection of protein in the urine.

In order to identify chronic renal failure in the early stages, it is very important to pay attention to laboratory data in time. At the beginning, a protein in the urine may appear. The blood gradually increases anemia, as a consequence of the inhibition of bone marrow toxins of nitrogen slags. There is increased bleeding.

When an infection is attached to the background of a general decrease in immunity, the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation increases, neutrophilic leukocytosis is characteristic. In the analysis of blood for biochemistry, the increase in the level of nitrogen, creatinine and urea is determined, the total protein decreases.

In terms of the severity of symptoms and the level of creatinine, three stages of chronic renal failure are identified:

• latent( compensated) stage shows the level of creatinine - from 0.2 to 0.45 mmol per liter;
• subcompensated: 0.46-0.9 mmol per liter;
• at a decompensated( significantly pronounced) stage of the creatinine value of 0.91 - 1.33 mmol per liter.

Treatment of renal failure in men

Acute form therapy

First of all, immediately eliminate its cause.

• 

  Treatment of acute form begins with the elimination of the cause of the pathology.

  When poisoning is carried out washing and detoxification of the body( plasmapheresis, hemosorption).

• In case of an infectious-toxic shock it is necessary to suppress the infection and carry out anti-shock therapy.
• If a failure in the cardiovascular system develops, they immediately fight with collapse or cardiogenic shock to urgently restore the volume of circulating blood and the hemodynamic load on the kidneys.
• In the case of a mechanical reason, immediately remove the block( kidney stones, neoplasms, etc.) to restore the outflow of urine.
• If the volume of circulating blood is fully restored and the doctor is sure that enough blood is delivered to the kidney and the urine output is not restored( urine is poorly separated), then osmotic diuretics( most often furosemide) are appointed.

In case of extremely severe acute renal failure, when uremia, acidosis( acidification of the blood) and hyperhydration( edema and excess fluid) are increased, hemodialysis( artificial kidney) is used.

Chronic form therapy

In the early stages, it also aims to identify and combat the underlying disease.

• To improve metabolic processes and reduce azotemia, anabolic steroids are used( 1 ml of Retabolil per week, intramuscularly 3-5 weeks).
• For detoxification, intravenous drip Hemodesis and glucose solutions are used.
• In severe acidosis, sodium bicarbonate is introduced.
• To reduce the level of nitrogen, Lespeniphil is used( a derivative of the Lelesspea capitate plant) 2-4 teaspoons throughout the day.

Read more: Improve kidney function in natural ways

In severe cases, chronic hemodialysis( an artificial kidney apparatus) is used to replace kidney function and, if possible, kidney transplantation is performed.

Diet in renal failure

1. 

   In renal failure, the protein content of the diet should be reduced.

   First of all, it is necessary to limit the intake of protein with food as much as possible.

2. The meal must be unsalted.
3. Milk and products containing potassium( dried fruits, apricots, bananas) are confined.
4. Vegetables can be used in boiled and stewed form.

It is necessary to provide energy to the body due to adequate intake of fats and carbohydrates and to balance the intake of liquid.

Forecast

How will kidney failure proceed in many respects depends on the stage of the disease and the reasons that caused it.

Early stage. In the early stages, with proper treatment of the underlying disease, the prospect is quite favorable - it is sometimes possible to completely restore the kidneys and get rid of all the symptoms.

Late stage. In the later stages, when the kidney structure is completely destroyed, patients live long enough to replace the filtration by using hemodialysis. In this period, it is also possible to transplant the kidney from the donor. Unfortunately, this operation is limited due to a lack of donor material. Those who have undergone this operation, it is necessary to take cytostatics to suppress transplant rejection.

Prevention

For the prevention of renal failure in men, early detection and treatment of diseases leading to this pathology is required. It should be especially carefully observed in patients suffering from pyelonephritis, diabetes, vascular diseases.

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